Information dynamics and symmetry breaking in generic monitored $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric open quantum systems
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912744042659840 |
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| author | Hauser, Jacob Lavasani, Ali Vijay, Sagar Fisher, Matthew P. A. |
| author_facet | Hauser, Jacob Lavasani, Ali Vijay, Sagar Fisher, Matthew P. A. |
| contents | We investigate the steady-state phases of generic $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric monitored, open quantum dynamics. We describe the phases systematically in terms of both information-theoretic diagnostics and spontaneous breaking of strong and weak symmetries of the dynamics. We find a completely broken phase where information is retained by the quantum system, a strong-to-weak broken phase where information is leaked to the environment, and an unbroken phase where information is learned by the observer. We find that weak measurement and dephasing alone constitute a minimal model for generic open systems with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, but we also explore perturbations by unitary gates. For a 1d set of qubits, we examine information-theoretic and symmetry-breaking observables in the path integral of the doubled state. This path integral reduces to the standard classical 2d random-bond Ising model in certain limits but generically involves negative weights, enabling a special self-dual random-bond Ising model at the critical point when only measurements are present. We obtain numerical evidence for the steady-state phases using efficient tensor network simulations of the doubled state. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_03031 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Information dynamics and symmetry breaking in generic monitored $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric open quantum systems Hauser, Jacob Lavasani, Ali Vijay, Sagar Fisher, Matthew P. A. Quantum Physics Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons We investigate the steady-state phases of generic $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric monitored, open quantum dynamics. We describe the phases systematically in terms of both information-theoretic diagnostics and spontaneous breaking of strong and weak symmetries of the dynamics. We find a completely broken phase where information is retained by the quantum system, a strong-to-weak broken phase where information is leaked to the environment, and an unbroken phase where information is learned by the observer. We find that weak measurement and dephasing alone constitute a minimal model for generic open systems with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, but we also explore perturbations by unitary gates. For a 1d set of qubits, we examine information-theoretic and symmetry-breaking observables in the path integral of the doubled state. This path integral reduces to the standard classical 2d random-bond Ising model in certain limits but generically involves negative weights, enabling a special self-dual random-bond Ising model at the critical point when only measurements are present. We obtain numerical evidence for the steady-state phases using efficient tensor network simulations of the doubled state. |
| title | Information dynamics and symmetry breaking in generic monitored $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric open quantum systems |
| topic | Quantum Physics Statistical Mechanics Strongly Correlated Electrons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03031 |