An Ancient Descendant of the First Galaxies

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline, Muzzin, Adam, Robbins, Luke, Asada, Yoshihisa, Marchesini, Danilo, Sawicki, Marcin, Iyer, Kartheik, Whitaker, Kate, Speagle, Joshua, Papovich, Casey, Willott, Chris, Bradač, Maruša, Desprez, Guillaume, Markov, Vladan, Martis, Nicholas, Noirot, Gaël, Sarrouh, Ghassan, Kannan, Rahul, Abraham, Roberto, Fujimoto, Seiji, Myers, Katherine
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Muzzin, Adam
Robbins, Luke
Asada, Yoshihisa
Marchesini, Danilo
Sawicki, Marcin
Iyer, Kartheik
Whitaker, Kate
Speagle, Joshua
Papovich, Casey
Willott, Chris
Bradač, Maruša
Desprez, Guillaume
Markov, Vladan
Martis, Nicholas
Noirot, Gaël
Sarrouh, Ghassan
Kannan, Rahul
Abraham, Roberto
Fujimoto, Seiji
Myers, Katherine
author_facet Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Muzzin, Adam
Robbins, Luke
Asada, Yoshihisa
Marchesini, Danilo
Sawicki, Marcin
Iyer, Kartheik
Whitaker, Kate
Speagle, Joshua
Papovich, Casey
Willott, Chris
Bradač, Maruša
Desprez, Guillaume
Markov, Vladan
Martis, Nicholas
Noirot, Gaël
Sarrouh, Ghassan
Kannan, Rahul
Abraham, Roberto
Fujimoto, Seiji
Myers, Katherine
contents JWST has revealed unexpectedly bright galaxies in the first 500 Myr after the Big Bang. Their overabundance suggests that they are preferentially observed during burst phases, where their star formation rates increase dramatically. In cosmological simulations, such bursts transition into short ($\approx 40$ Myr) periods without star formation or naps. Using JWST/NIRCam medium-band observations, we report the discovery of the galaxy CANUCS-A370-2228423 ($z = 5.95 \pm 0.06$, $\log(M_\ast/M_{\odot}) = 9.14 \pm 0.09$), dubbed The Sleeper. Its star formation history indicates rapid assembly in the first 300 Myr ($z \gtrsim 14$), where it formed a $\log(M_\ast/M_{\odot}) = 8.7^{+0.3}_{-0.4}\ M_{\odot}$ progenitor, comparable in stellar mass to the few spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at those redshifts. Unexpectedly, this is followed by several hundred million years of suppressed star formation, in stark contrast to nappers. This results in a remarkably strong hydrogen Balmer break, exceeding that of any galaxy observed within the first billion years by a factor of $\approx 3$. Furthermore, Sleeper-like systems are overabundant in the observed survey volume compared to theory, as the probability of finding such galaxies in simulations is $< 0.2\%$. The discovery of The Sleeper therefore disrupts the current narrative that all luminous galaxies in the first few hundred million years grow into massive descendants. Instead it presents an alternative evolutionary pathway in which these unusually luminous galaxies fade into inefficient dwarfs after an early starburst, revealing greater diversity in the first stages of galaxy evolution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_03154
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Ancient Descendant of the First Galaxies
Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Muzzin, Adam
Robbins, Luke
Asada, Yoshihisa
Marchesini, Danilo
Sawicki, Marcin
Iyer, Kartheik
Whitaker, Kate
Speagle, Joshua
Papovich, Casey
Willott, Chris
Bradač, Maruša
Desprez, Guillaume
Markov, Vladan
Martis, Nicholas
Noirot, Gaël
Sarrouh, Ghassan
Kannan, Rahul
Abraham, Roberto
Fujimoto, Seiji
Myers, Katherine
Astrophysics of Galaxies
JWST has revealed unexpectedly bright galaxies in the first 500 Myr after the Big Bang. Their overabundance suggests that they are preferentially observed during burst phases, where their star formation rates increase dramatically. In cosmological simulations, such bursts transition into short ($\approx 40$ Myr) periods without star formation or naps. Using JWST/NIRCam medium-band observations, we report the discovery of the galaxy CANUCS-A370-2228423 ($z = 5.95 \pm 0.06$, $\log(M_\ast/M_{\odot}) = 9.14 \pm 0.09$), dubbed The Sleeper. Its star formation history indicates rapid assembly in the first 300 Myr ($z \gtrsim 14$), where it formed a $\log(M_\ast/M_{\odot}) = 8.7^{+0.3}_{-0.4}\ M_{\odot}$ progenitor, comparable in stellar mass to the few spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at those redshifts. Unexpectedly, this is followed by several hundred million years of suppressed star formation, in stark contrast to nappers. This results in a remarkably strong hydrogen Balmer break, exceeding that of any galaxy observed within the first billion years by a factor of $\approx 3$. Furthermore, Sleeper-like systems are overabundant in the observed survey volume compared to theory, as the probability of finding such galaxies in simulations is $< 0.2\%$. The discovery of The Sleeper therefore disrupts the current narrative that all luminous galaxies in the first few hundred million years grow into massive descendants. Instead it presents an alternative evolutionary pathway in which these unusually luminous galaxies fade into inefficient dwarfs after an early starburst, revealing greater diversity in the first stages of galaxy evolution.
title An Ancient Descendant of the First Galaxies
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03154