Deep Unfolding: Recent Developments, Theory, and Design Guidelines

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Shlezinger, Nir, Segarra, Santiago, Zhang, Yi, Avrahami, Dvir, Davidov, Zohar, Routtenberg, Tirza, Eldar, Yonina C.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Shlezinger, Nir
Segarra, Santiago
Zhang, Yi
Avrahami, Dvir
Davidov, Zohar
Routtenberg, Tirza
Eldar, Yonina C.
author_facet Shlezinger, Nir
Segarra, Santiago
Zhang, Yi
Avrahami, Dvir
Davidov, Zohar
Routtenberg, Tirza
Eldar, Yonina C.
contents Optimization methods play a central role in signal processing, serving as the mathematical foundation for inference, estimation, and control. While classical iterative optimization algorithms provide interpretability and theoretical guarantees, they often rely on surrogate objectives, require careful hyperparameter tuning, and exhibit substantial computational latency. Conversely, machine learning (ML ) offers powerful data-driven modeling capabilities but lacks the structure, transparency, and efficiency needed for optimization-driven inference. Deep unfolding has recently emerged as a compelling framework that bridges these two paradigms by systematically transforming iterative optimization algorithms into structured, trainable ML architectures. This article provides a tutorial-style overview of deep unfolding, presenting a unified perspective of methodologies for converting optimization solvers into ML models and highlighting their conceptual, theoretical, and practical implications. We review the foundations of optimization for inference and for learning, introduce four representative design paradigms for deep unfolding, and discuss the distinctive training schemes that arise from their iterative nature. Furthermore, we survey recent theoretical advances that establish convergence and generalization guarantees for unfolded optimizers, and provide comparative qualitative and empirical studies illustrating their relative trade-offs in complexity, interpretability, and robustness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_03768
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Deep Unfolding: Recent Developments, Theory, and Design Guidelines
Shlezinger, Nir
Segarra, Santiago
Zhang, Yi
Avrahami, Dvir
Davidov, Zohar
Routtenberg, Tirza
Eldar, Yonina C.
Machine Learning
Signal Processing
Optimization methods play a central role in signal processing, serving as the mathematical foundation for inference, estimation, and control. While classical iterative optimization algorithms provide interpretability and theoretical guarantees, they often rely on surrogate objectives, require careful hyperparameter tuning, and exhibit substantial computational latency. Conversely, machine learning (ML ) offers powerful data-driven modeling capabilities but lacks the structure, transparency, and efficiency needed for optimization-driven inference. Deep unfolding has recently emerged as a compelling framework that bridges these two paradigms by systematically transforming iterative optimization algorithms into structured, trainable ML architectures. This article provides a tutorial-style overview of deep unfolding, presenting a unified perspective of methodologies for converting optimization solvers into ML models and highlighting their conceptual, theoretical, and practical implications. We review the foundations of optimization for inference and for learning, introduce four representative design paradigms for deep unfolding, and discuss the distinctive training schemes that arise from their iterative nature. Furthermore, we survey recent theoretical advances that establish convergence and generalization guarantees for unfolded optimizers, and provide comparative qualitative and empirical studies illustrating their relative trade-offs in complexity, interpretability, and robustness.
title Deep Unfolding: Recent Developments, Theory, and Design Guidelines
topic Machine Learning
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03768