Equalizer or amplifier? How AI may reshape human cognitive differences
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | |
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| _version_ | 1866914178866872320 |
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| author | Bigoni, Maria Ichino, Andrea Rustichini, Aldo Zanella, Giulio |
| author_facet | Bigoni, Maria Ichino, Andrea Rustichini, Aldo Zanella, Giulio |
| contents | Machines have at times equalized physical strength by substituting for human effort, and at other times amplified these differences. Artificial intelligence (AI) may likewise narrow or widen disparities in cognitive ability. Recent evidence from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution suggests that computers increased inequality by education but reduced it by cognitive ability. Early research on generative AI shows larger productivity gains for less-skilled than for high-skilled workers. Whether AI ultimately acts as an equalizer or an amplifier of human cognitive differences is especially crucial for education systems, which must decide whether -- and how -- to allow students to use AI in coursework and exams. This decision is urgent because employers value workers who can leverage AI effectively rather than operate independently of it. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_03902 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Equalizer or amplifier? How AI may reshape human cognitive differences Bigoni, Maria Ichino, Andrea Rustichini, Aldo Zanella, Giulio General Economics Economics Machines have at times equalized physical strength by substituting for human effort, and at other times amplified these differences. Artificial intelligence (AI) may likewise narrow or widen disparities in cognitive ability. Recent evidence from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution suggests that computers increased inequality by education but reduced it by cognitive ability. Early research on generative AI shows larger productivity gains for less-skilled than for high-skilled workers. Whether AI ultimately acts as an equalizer or an amplifier of human cognitive differences is especially crucial for education systems, which must decide whether -- and how -- to allow students to use AI in coursework and exams. This decision is urgent because employers value workers who can leverage AI effectively rather than operate independently of it. |
| title | Equalizer or amplifier? How AI may reshape human cognitive differences |
| topic | General Economics Economics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03902 |