Questions related to the Deflection of Light by Gravity determined by Soldner, Einstein and Schwarzschild
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914193518624768 |
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| author | Wilhelm, Klaus Dwivedi, Bhola N. Muller, Karsten |
| author_facet | Wilhelm, Klaus Dwivedi, Bhola N. Muller, Karsten |
| contents | Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon propagation in a gravitational field is then considered and applied to the calculation of the speed of light. Many citations are given in direct quotations to avoid any misunderstandings. If the quotations are in German, an English translation is provided. Based on this speed, calculated and measured results are recalled on the deflection of light, with emphasis on the deflection near the Sun. We conclude that the speed of light and the deflection angle can be determined by energy and momentum conservation principles. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_04128 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Questions related to the Deflection of Light by Gravity determined by Soldner, Einstein and Schwarzschild Wilhelm, Klaus Dwivedi, Bhola N. Muller, Karsten History and Philosophy of Physics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Before we discuss the deflection of light in a gravitational field, we give a brief overview of some basic physical formulas on photon properties, generation and propagation. The much debated problems of the redshift and the photon propagation in a gravitational field is then considered and applied to the calculation of the speed of light. Many citations are given in direct quotations to avoid any misunderstandings. If the quotations are in German, an English translation is provided. Based on this speed, calculated and measured results are recalled on the deflection of light, with emphasis on the deflection near the Sun. We conclude that the speed of light and the deflection angle can be determined by energy and momentum conservation principles. |
| title | Questions related to the Deflection of Light by Gravity determined by Soldner, Einstein and Schwarzschild |
| topic | History and Philosophy of Physics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04128 |