The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy-Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates

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Main Authors:	Karp, Juliana S. M., Schlegel, David J., Huang, Xiaosheng, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Bolton, Adam S., Storfer, Christopher J., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bailey, S., Bianchi, D., Brooks, D., Castander, F. J., Claybaugh, T., Cuceu, A., de la Macorra, A., Della Costa, J., Doel, P., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., Ishak, M., Jimenez, J., Joyce, R., Juneau, S., Kirkby, D., Kremin, A., Lamman, C., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Nadathur, S., Percival, W. J., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Sprayberry, D., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A., Zhou, R., Collaboration, the DESI
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Karp, Juliana S. M. Schlegel, David J. Huang, Xiaosheng Padmanabhan, Nikhil Bolton, Adam S. Storfer, Christopher J. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bailey, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Castander, F. J. Claybaugh, T. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, A. Della Costa, J. Doel, P. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. Ishak, M. Jimenez, J. Joyce, R. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kremin, A. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Nadathur, S. Percival, W. J. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schubnell, M. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A. Zhou, R. Collaboration, the DESI
author_facet	Karp, Juliana S. M. Schlegel, David J. Huang, Xiaosheng Padmanabhan, Nikhil Bolton, Adam S. Storfer, Christopher J. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bailey, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Castander, F. J. Claybaugh, T. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, A. Della Costa, J. Doel, P. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. Ishak, M. Jimenez, J. Joyce, R. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kremin, A. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Nadathur, S. Percival, W. J. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schubnell, M. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A. Zhou, R. Collaboration, the DESI
contents	We present 4,110 strong gravitational lens candidates, 3,887 of which are new discoveries, selected from a sample of 5,837,154 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) observed with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Candidates are identified via the presence of background ionized oxygen [O II] nebular emission lines in the foreground LRG spectra which may originate from the lensing of higher redshift star-forming galaxies. Using the measured foreground redshift, background redshift, and integrated flux of the background [O II] doublet, we integrate over impact parameters to compute the probability that each candidate is a lens. We expect 53% of candidates to be true lenses with Einstein radii ranging from 0.1'' to 4'', which can be confirmed with high-resolution imaging. Confirmed strong lenses from this sample will form a valuable cosmological dataset, as strong gravitational lensing is the only method to directly measure dark matter halo substructure at cosmological distances. We independently recover the host of the multiply imaged gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova iPTF16geu. Monitoring these lenses for future multiply lensed transients will enable (a) H0 measurements via time-delay cosmography and (b) substructure measurements via flux ratios.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_04275
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy-Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates Karp, Juliana S. M. Schlegel, David J. Huang, Xiaosheng Padmanabhan, Nikhil Bolton, Adam S. Storfer, Christopher J. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bailey, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Castander, F. J. Claybaugh, T. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, A. Della Costa, J. Doel, P. Font-Ribera, A. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. Ishak, M. Jimenez, J. Joyce, R. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kremin, A. Lamman, C. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Manera, M. Martini, P. Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Nadathur, S. Percival, W. J. Poppett, C. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schubnell, M. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A. Zhou, R. Collaboration, the DESI Astrophysics of Galaxies We present 4,110 strong gravitational lens candidates, 3,887 of which are new discoveries, selected from a sample of 5,837,154 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) observed with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Candidates are identified via the presence of background ionized oxygen [O II] nebular emission lines in the foreground LRG spectra which may originate from the lensing of higher redshift star-forming galaxies. Using the measured foreground redshift, background redshift, and integrated flux of the background [O II] doublet, we integrate over impact parameters to compute the probability that each candidate is a lens. We expect 53% of candidates to be true lenses with Einstein radii ranging from 0.1'' to 4'', which can be confirmed with high-resolution imaging. Confirmed strong lenses from this sample will form a valuable cosmological dataset, as strong gravitational lensing is the only method to directly measure dark matter halo substructure at cosmological distances. We independently recover the host of the multiply imaged gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova iPTF16geu. Monitoring these lenses for future multiply lensed transients will enable (a) H0 measurements via time-delay cosmography and (b) substructure measurements via flux ratios.
title	The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy-Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.04275