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Little red dot variability over a century reveals black hole envelope via a giant Einstein cross

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Zhang, Zijian, Li, Mingyu, Oguri, Masamune, Lin, Xiaojing, Inayoshi, Kohei, Cerny, Catherine, Coe, Dan, Diego, Jose M., Fujimoto, Seiji, Jiang, Linhua, Mahler, Guillaume, Matthee, Jorryt, Naidu, Rohan P., Sharon, Keren, Shen, Yue, Zitrin, Adi, Abdurro'uf, Akins, Hollis, Allingham, Joseph F. V., Amorín, Ricardo, Asada, Yoshihisa, Atek, Hakim, Bauer, Franz E., Bradač, Maruša, Bradley, Larry D., Cai, Zheng, Cantalupo, Sebastiano, Conselice, Christopher, Dai, Liang, Dayal, Pratika, Egami, Eiichi, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Faisst, Andreas L., Fan, Xiaohui, Fei, Qinyue, Frye, Brenda L., Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Furtak, Lukas J., Golubchik, Miriam, González-Otero, Mauro, Harikane, Yuichi, Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang, Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Kiyota, Tomokazu, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kohno, Kotaro, Kokorev, Vasily, Kumari, Nimisha, Labbe, Ivo, Lagos, Claudia D. P., Larison, Conor, Liang, Yongming, Lucas, Ray A., Lyu, Jianwei, Martis, Nicholas S., Magdis, Georgios E., Messa, Matteo, Nakane, Minami, Noirot, Gaël, Ortiz III, Rafael, Ouchi, Masami, Pierel, Justin D. R., Postman, Marc, Reddy, Naveen, Ricotti, Massimo, Schaerer, Daniel, Schneider, Raffaella, Steidel, Charles C., Tee, Wei Leong, Tripodi, Roberta, Trussler, James A. A., Umeda, Hiroya, Valentino, Francesco, Vanzella, Eros, Wang, Feige, Windhorst, Rogier, Wu, Yunjing, Wu, Zihao, Yanagisawa, Hiroto, Yang, Jinyi, Sun, Fengwu
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Zhang, Zijian Li, Mingyu Oguri, Masamune Lin, Xiaojing Inayoshi, Kohei Cerny, Catherine Coe, Dan Diego, Jose M. Fujimoto, Seiji Jiang, Linhua Mahler, Guillaume Matthee, Jorryt Naidu, Rohan P. Sharon, Keren Shen, Yue Zitrin, Adi Abdurro'uf Akins, Hollis Allingham, Joseph F. V. Amorín, Ricardo Asada, Yoshihisa Atek, Hakim Bauer, Franz E. Bradač, Maruša Bradley, Larry D. Cai, Zheng Cantalupo, Sebastiano Conselice, Christopher Dai, Liang Dayal, Pratika Egami, Eiichi Eisenstein, Daniel J. Faisst, Andreas L. Fan, Xiaohui Fei, Qinyue Frye, Brenda L. Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Furtak, Lukas J. Golubchik, Miriam González-Otero, Mauro Harikane, Yuichi Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Kiyota, Tomokazu Koekemoer, Anton M. Kohno, Kotaro Kokorev, Vasily Kumari, Nimisha Labbe, Ivo Lagos, Claudia D. P. Larison, Conor Liang, Yongming Lucas, Ray A. Lyu, Jianwei Martis, Nicholas S. Magdis, Georgios E. Messa, Matteo Nakane, Minami Noirot, Gaël Ortiz III, Rafael Ouchi, Masami Pierel, Justin D. R. Postman, Marc Reddy, Naveen Ricotti, Massimo Schaerer, Daniel Schneider, Raffaella Steidel, Charles C. Tee, Wei Leong Tripodi, Roberta Trussler, James A. A. Umeda, Hiroya Valentino, Francesco Vanzella, Eros Wang, Feige Windhorst, Rogier Wu, Yunjing Wu, Zihao Yanagisawa, Hiroto Yang, Jinyi Sun, Fengwu
author_facet	Zhang, Zijian Li, Mingyu Oguri, Masamune Lin, Xiaojing Inayoshi, Kohei Cerny, Catherine Coe, Dan Diego, Jose M. Fujimoto, Seiji Jiang, Linhua Mahler, Guillaume Matthee, Jorryt Naidu, Rohan P. Sharon, Keren Shen, Yue Zitrin, Adi Abdurro'uf Akins, Hollis Allingham, Joseph F. V. Amorín, Ricardo Asada, Yoshihisa Atek, Hakim Bauer, Franz E. Bradač, Maruša Bradley, Larry D. Cai, Zheng Cantalupo, Sebastiano Conselice, Christopher Dai, Liang Dayal, Pratika Egami, Eiichi Eisenstein, Daniel J. Faisst, Andreas L. Fan, Xiaohui Fei, Qinyue Frye, Brenda L. Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Furtak, Lukas J. Golubchik, Miriam González-Otero, Mauro Harikane, Yuichi Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Kiyota, Tomokazu Koekemoer, Anton M. Kohno, Kotaro Kokorev, Vasily Kumari, Nimisha Labbe, Ivo Lagos, Claudia D. P. Larison, Conor Liang, Yongming Lucas, Ray A. Lyu, Jianwei Martis, Nicholas S. Magdis, Georgios E. Messa, Matteo Nakane, Minami Noirot, Gaël Ortiz III, Rafael Ouchi, Masami Pierel, Justin D. R. Postman, Marc Reddy, Naveen Ricotti, Massimo Schaerer, Daniel Schneider, Raffaella Steidel, Charles C. Tee, Wei Leong Tripodi, Roberta Trussler, James A. A. Umeda, Hiroya Valentino, Francesco Vanzella, Eros Wang, Feige Windhorst, Rogier Wu, Yunjing Wu, Zihao Yanagisawa, Hiroto Yang, Jinyi Sun, Fengwu
contents	"Little red dots" (LRDs) represent a new population of astronomical objects uncovered by JWST whose nature remains debated. Although many LRDs are suspected as active galactic nuclei (AGN), they show little variability on days-years timescales. We report the discovery of two gravitationally lensed LRDs at redshift $\sim$4.3 behind the cluster RXCJ2211-0350, one of which (RX1) is quadruply imaged with time delays spanning $\sim$130 years. RX1 exhibits intrinsic color and brightness variations of up to 0.7 magnitude among its images. These changes are consistent with blackbody-temperature variations of a photosphere, indicating long-term variability analogous to Cepheid-like pulsations but in a far more extended ($R \sim 2000$ AU) and massive ($M \gtrsim 10^6 \, M_{\odot}$) systems. These results suggest LRDs as a distinct class of AGN with stellar-like envelopes.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_05180
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Little red dot variability over a century reveals black hole envelope via a giant Einstein cross Zhang, Zijian Li, Mingyu Oguri, Masamune Lin, Xiaojing Inayoshi, Kohei Cerny, Catherine Coe, Dan Diego, Jose M. Fujimoto, Seiji Jiang, Linhua Mahler, Guillaume Matthee, Jorryt Naidu, Rohan P. Sharon, Keren Shen, Yue Zitrin, Adi Abdurro'uf Akins, Hollis Allingham, Joseph F. V. Amorín, Ricardo Asada, Yoshihisa Atek, Hakim Bauer, Franz E. Bradač, Maruša Bradley, Larry D. Cai, Zheng Cantalupo, Sebastiano Conselice, Christopher Dai, Liang Dayal, Pratika Egami, Eiichi Eisenstein, Daniel J. Faisst, Andreas L. Fan, Xiaohui Fei, Qinyue Frye, Brenda L. Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Furtak, Lukas J. Golubchik, Miriam González-Otero, Mauro Harikane, Yuichi Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. Kiyota, Tomokazu Koekemoer, Anton M. Kohno, Kotaro Kokorev, Vasily Kumari, Nimisha Labbe, Ivo Lagos, Claudia D. P. Larison, Conor Liang, Yongming Lucas, Ray A. Lyu, Jianwei Martis, Nicholas S. Magdis, Georgios E. Messa, Matteo Nakane, Minami Noirot, Gaël Ortiz III, Rafael Ouchi, Masami Pierel, Justin D. R. Postman, Marc Reddy, Naveen Ricotti, Massimo Schaerer, Daniel Schneider, Raffaella Steidel, Charles C. Tee, Wei Leong Tripodi, Roberta Trussler, James A. A. Umeda, Hiroya Valentino, Francesco Vanzella, Eros Wang, Feige Windhorst, Rogier Wu, Yunjing Wu, Zihao Yanagisawa, Hiroto Yang, Jinyi Sun, Fengwu Astrophysics of Galaxies "Little red dots" (LRDs) represent a new population of astronomical objects uncovered by JWST whose nature remains debated. Although many LRDs are suspected as active galactic nuclei (AGN), they show little variability on days-years timescales. We report the discovery of two gravitationally lensed LRDs at redshift $\sim$4.3 behind the cluster RXCJ2211-0350, one of which (RX1) is quadruply imaged with time delays spanning $\sim$130 years. RX1 exhibits intrinsic color and brightness variations of up to 0.7 magnitude among its images. These changes are consistent with blackbody-temperature variations of a photosphere, indicating long-term variability analogous to Cepheid-like pulsations but in a far more extended ($R \sim 2000$ AU) and massive ($M \gtrsim 10^6 \, M_{\odot}$) systems. These results suggest LRDs as a distinct class of AGN with stellar-like envelopes.
title	Little red dot variability over a century reveals black hole envelope via a giant Einstein cross
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05180