The Dichotomous Nature of the $σ$ Meson and the Nucleon D-Term

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Main Authors: Xing, Zanbin, Raya, Khépani, Liu, Yu-xin, Chang, Lei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xing, Zanbin
Raya, Khépani
Liu, Yu-xin
Chang, Lei
author_facet Xing, Zanbin
Raya, Khépani
Liu, Yu-xin
Chang, Lei
contents Employing a symmetry-preserving contact-interaction formulation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), we examine the identity of the $σ$ meson and its implications for the gravitational structure of hadrons. In this framework, the scalar meson emerges as the chiral partner of the pion, with both states' properties tightly connected to the mechanisms of mass generation in QCD. We find that, above a critical coupling that triggers dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the D-terms of the constituent quark, the pion, and $σ$ saturate at fixed values $D_{q,π,σ}=-1/3,-1,-7/3$. By examining the coupling strength evolution of the D-terms, this pattern follows naturally once a dual nature for the $σ$ meson is recognized: it behaves both as a quark-antiquark composite and as a dilaton arising from spontaneous scale symmetry breaking. This unified picture yields the prediction $D_N\sim -3$ for the nucleon D-term, consistent with contemporary lattice-QCD, continuum, and dispersive studies.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_05583
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Dichotomous Nature of the $σ$ Meson and the Nucleon D-Term
Xing, Zanbin
Raya, Khépani
Liu, Yu-xin
Chang, Lei
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Employing a symmetry-preserving contact-interaction formulation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), we examine the identity of the $σ$ meson and its implications for the gravitational structure of hadrons. In this framework, the scalar meson emerges as the chiral partner of the pion, with both states' properties tightly connected to the mechanisms of mass generation in QCD. We find that, above a critical coupling that triggers dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the D-terms of the constituent quark, the pion, and $σ$ saturate at fixed values $D_{q,π,σ}=-1/3,-1,-7/3$. By examining the coupling strength evolution of the D-terms, this pattern follows naturally once a dual nature for the $σ$ meson is recognized: it behaves both as a quark-antiquark composite and as a dilaton arising from spontaneous scale symmetry breaking. This unified picture yields the prediction $D_N\sim -3$ for the nucleon D-term, consistent with contemporary lattice-QCD, continuum, and dispersive studies.
title The Dichotomous Nature of the $σ$ Meson and the Nucleon D-Term
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05583