First Statistical Detection of MgII-traced Cool Gas Outflows with JWST Towards Cosmic Dawn
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915812802035712 |
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| author | Lyu, Cheqiu Yu, Haoran Wang, Enci Wang, Junxian Jia, Cheng Song, Jie Chen, Yangyao Wang, Jinyang Chen, Zeyu Ma, Chengyu Wang, Yifan Kong, Xu |
| author_facet | Lyu, Cheqiu Yu, Haoran Wang, Enci Wang, Junxian Jia, Cheng Song, Jie Chen, Yangyao Wang, Jinyang Chen, Zeyu Ma, Chengyu Wang, Yifan Kong, Xu |
| contents | Galactic-scale outflows are a crucial component of galaxy evolution, yet their properties in the early universe remain poorly constrained. We present the first statistical investigation of \ion{Mg}{2}-traced cool gas outflows in galaxies spanning a wide cosmic timeline from $z \approx 1$ to $z > 6$ (with sample coverage extending to $z \sim 10$). Using thousands of public JWST/NIRSpec spectra, we employ a signal-to-noise weighted spectral stacking technique on the \ion{Mg}{2} $λ\lambda2796, 2803$ absorption doublet. We robustly detect blueshifted \ion{Mg}{2} absorption in nearly all stellar mass and redshift bins, with the exception of the lowest-mass systems at $z \sim 1-2$. The outflow equivalent width exhibits a positive correlation with stellar mass ($M_*$) at all epochs, with the fitted slope of $1.21 \pm 0.35$. Our work provides the first statistical constraints on \ion{Mg}{2}-traced cool outflows in the low-mass ($M_* \lesssim 10^{9.5} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$), high-redshift ($z > 3$) regime. We also find that the outflow velocities generally remain below the host halo escape velocities, consistent with a galactic fountain scenario. The consistency of the stellar mass-outflow equivalent width relation across $z \sim 2-6$ suggests a persistent, unevolving feedback mechanism governing the baryon cycle towards cosmic dawn. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_05622 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | First Statistical Detection of MgII-traced Cool Gas Outflows with JWST Towards Cosmic Dawn Lyu, Cheqiu Yu, Haoran Wang, Enci Wang, Junxian Jia, Cheng Song, Jie Chen, Yangyao Wang, Jinyang Chen, Zeyu Ma, Chengyu Wang, Yifan Kong, Xu Astrophysics of Galaxies Galactic-scale outflows are a crucial component of galaxy evolution, yet their properties in the early universe remain poorly constrained. We present the first statistical investigation of \ion{Mg}{2}-traced cool gas outflows in galaxies spanning a wide cosmic timeline from $z \approx 1$ to $z > 6$ (with sample coverage extending to $z \sim 10$). Using thousands of public JWST/NIRSpec spectra, we employ a signal-to-noise weighted spectral stacking technique on the \ion{Mg}{2} $λ\lambda2796, 2803$ absorption doublet. We robustly detect blueshifted \ion{Mg}{2} absorption in nearly all stellar mass and redshift bins, with the exception of the lowest-mass systems at $z \sim 1-2$. The outflow equivalent width exhibits a positive correlation with stellar mass ($M_*$) at all epochs, with the fitted slope of $1.21 \pm 0.35$. Our work provides the first statistical constraints on \ion{Mg}{2}-traced cool outflows in the low-mass ($M_* \lesssim 10^{9.5} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$), high-redshift ($z > 3$) regime. We also find that the outflow velocities generally remain below the host halo escape velocities, consistent with a galactic fountain scenario. The consistency of the stellar mass-outflow equivalent width relation across $z \sim 2-6$ suggests a persistent, unevolving feedback mechanism governing the baryon cycle towards cosmic dawn. |
| title | First Statistical Detection of MgII-traced Cool Gas Outflows with JWST Towards Cosmic Dawn |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05622 |