Emergence of Language in the Developing Brain

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Evanson, Linnea, Bulteau, Christine, Chipaux, Mathilde, Dorfmüller, Georg, Ferrand-Sorbets, Sarah, Raffo, Emmanuel, Rosenberg, Sarah, Bourdillon, Pierre, King, Jean-Rémi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Evanson, Linnea
Bulteau, Christine
Chipaux, Mathilde
Dorfmüller, Georg
Ferrand-Sorbets, Sarah
Raffo, Emmanuel
Rosenberg, Sarah
Bourdillon, Pierre
King, Jean-Rémi
author_facet Evanson, Linnea
Bulteau, Christine
Chipaux, Mathilde
Dorfmüller, Georg
Ferrand-Sorbets, Sarah
Raffo, Emmanuel
Rosenberg, Sarah
Bourdillon, Pierre
King, Jean-Rémi
contents A few million words suffice for children to acquire language. Yet, the brain mechanisms underlying this unique ability remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigate neural activity recorded from over 7,400 electrodes implanted in the brains of 46 children, teenagers, and adults for epilepsy monitoring, as they listened to an audiobook version of "The Little Prince". We then train neural encoding and decoding models using representations, derived either from linguistic theory or from large language models, to map the location, dynamics and development of the language hierarchy in the brain. We find that a broad range of linguistic features is robustly represented across the cortex, even in 2-5-year-olds. Crucially, these representations evolve with age: while fast phonetic features are already present in the superior temporal gyrus of the youngest individuals, slower word-level representations only emerge in the associative cortices of older individuals. Remarkably, this neuro-developmental trajectory is spontaneously captured by large language models: with training, these AI models learned representations that can only be identified in the adult human brain. Together, these findings reveal the maturation of language representations in the developing brain and show that modern AI systems provide a promising tool to model the neural bases of language acquisition.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_05718
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Emergence of Language in the Developing Brain
Evanson, Linnea
Bulteau, Christine
Chipaux, Mathilde
Dorfmüller, Georg
Ferrand-Sorbets, Sarah
Raffo, Emmanuel
Rosenberg, Sarah
Bourdillon, Pierre
King, Jean-Rémi
Neurons and Cognition
A few million words suffice for children to acquire language. Yet, the brain mechanisms underlying this unique ability remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigate neural activity recorded from over 7,400 electrodes implanted in the brains of 46 children, teenagers, and adults for epilepsy monitoring, as they listened to an audiobook version of "The Little Prince". We then train neural encoding and decoding models using representations, derived either from linguistic theory or from large language models, to map the location, dynamics and development of the language hierarchy in the brain. We find that a broad range of linguistic features is robustly represented across the cortex, even in 2-5-year-olds. Crucially, these representations evolve with age: while fast phonetic features are already present in the superior temporal gyrus of the youngest individuals, slower word-level representations only emerge in the associative cortices of older individuals. Remarkably, this neuro-developmental trajectory is spontaneously captured by large language models: with training, these AI models learned representations that can only be identified in the adult human brain. Together, these findings reveal the maturation of language representations in the developing brain and show that modern AI systems provide a promising tool to model the neural bases of language acquisition.
title Emergence of Language in the Developing Brain
topic Neurons and Cognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05718