Towards smart canopies: Algorithmic design of maize canopy architectures that maximize light use efficiency

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Saleem, Nasla, Jubery, Talukder Zaki, Zhou, Yan, Li, Yawei, Krishnamurthy, Adarsh, Schnable, Patrick S., Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Saleem, Nasla
Jubery, Talukder Zaki
Zhou, Yan
Li, Yawei
Krishnamurthy, Adarsh
Schnable, Patrick S.
Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar
author_facet Saleem, Nasla
Jubery, Talukder Zaki
Zhou, Yan
Li, Yawei
Krishnamurthy, Adarsh
Schnable, Patrick S.
Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar
contents We present a computational framework that integrates functional-structural plant modeling (FSPM) with an evolutionary algorithm to optimize three-dimensional maize canopy architecture for enhanced light interception under high-density planting. The optimization revealed an emergent ideotype characterized by two distinct strategies: a vertically stratified leaf profile (steep, narrow upper leaves for penetration; broad, horizontal lower leaves for capture) and a radially tiled azimuthal arrangement that breaks the conventional distichous symmetry of maize to minimize self and mutual shading. Reverse ray-tracing simulations show that this architecture intercepts significantly more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) than virtual canopies parameterized from high-performing field hybrids, with gains that generalize across multiple U.S. latitudes and planting densities. The optimized trait combinations align with characteristics of modern density-tolerant cultivars, supporting biological plausibility. Because recent gene editing advances enable more independent control of architectural traits, the designs identified here are increasingly feasible. By uncovering effective, non-intuitive trait configurations, our approach provides a scalable, predictive tool to guide breeding targets, improve light-use efficiency, and ultimately support sustainable yield gains.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06064
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards smart canopies: Algorithmic design of maize canopy architectures that maximize light use efficiency
Saleem, Nasla
Jubery, Talukder Zaki
Zhou, Yan
Li, Yawei
Krishnamurthy, Adarsh
Schnable, Patrick S.
Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar
Quantitative Methods
Populations and Evolution
We present a computational framework that integrates functional-structural plant modeling (FSPM) with an evolutionary algorithm to optimize three-dimensional maize canopy architecture for enhanced light interception under high-density planting. The optimization revealed an emergent ideotype characterized by two distinct strategies: a vertically stratified leaf profile (steep, narrow upper leaves for penetration; broad, horizontal lower leaves for capture) and a radially tiled azimuthal arrangement that breaks the conventional distichous symmetry of maize to minimize self and mutual shading. Reverse ray-tracing simulations show that this architecture intercepts significantly more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) than virtual canopies parameterized from high-performing field hybrids, with gains that generalize across multiple U.S. latitudes and planting densities. The optimized trait combinations align with characteristics of modern density-tolerant cultivars, supporting biological plausibility. Because recent gene editing advances enable more independent control of architectural traits, the designs identified here are increasingly feasible. By uncovering effective, non-intuitive trait configurations, our approach provides a scalable, predictive tool to guide breeding targets, improve light-use efficiency, and ultimately support sustainable yield gains.
title Towards smart canopies: Algorithmic design of maize canopy architectures that maximize light use efficiency
topic Quantitative Methods
Populations and Evolution
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06064