Testing the weak equivalence principle for nonclassical matter with torsion balances

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Onofrio, Roberto, Smith, Alexander R. H., Viola, Lorenza
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Onofrio, Roberto
Smith, Alexander R. H.
Viola, Lorenza
author_facet Onofrio, Roberto
Smith, Alexander R. H.
Viola, Lorenza
contents We propose tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) using a torsion balance, in which superposition of energy eigenstates are created in a controllable way for the test masses. After general considerations on the significance of tests of the WEP using quantum states and the need for considering inertial and gravitational masses as operators, we develop a model to derive the matrix elements of the free-fall operator, showing that the variance of the acceleration operator, in addition to its mean, enables estimation of violations of the WEP due to quantum coherence in a way that is robust with respect to shot-to-shot fluctuations. Building on this analysis, we demonstrate how the validity of the WEP may be tested in a torsion balance setup, by accessing the mean and variance of a torque operator we introduce and quantize. Due to the long acquisition times of the signal as compared to the timescale on which coherent superposition states may survive, we further propose a dynamical setting, where the torsion balance is subject to a time-dependent gravitational field, and measurements of angular acceleration encode possible violations of the WEP.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06333
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Testing the weak equivalence principle for nonclassical matter with torsion balances
Onofrio, Roberto
Smith, Alexander R. H.
Viola, Lorenza
Quantum Physics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We propose tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) using a torsion balance, in which superposition of energy eigenstates are created in a controllable way for the test masses. After general considerations on the significance of tests of the WEP using quantum states and the need for considering inertial and gravitational masses as operators, we develop a model to derive the matrix elements of the free-fall operator, showing that the variance of the acceleration operator, in addition to its mean, enables estimation of violations of the WEP due to quantum coherence in a way that is robust with respect to shot-to-shot fluctuations. Building on this analysis, we demonstrate how the validity of the WEP may be tested in a torsion balance setup, by accessing the mean and variance of a torque operator we introduce and quantize. Due to the long acquisition times of the signal as compared to the timescale on which coherent superposition states may survive, we further propose a dynamical setting, where the torsion balance is subject to a time-dependent gravitational field, and measurements of angular acceleration encode possible violations of the WEP.
title Testing the weak equivalence principle for nonclassical matter with torsion balances
topic Quantum Physics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06333