The Missing Variable: Socio-Technical Alignment in Risk Evaluation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Flehmig, Niclas, Lundteigen, Mary Ann, Yin, Shen
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Flehmig, Niclas
Lundteigen, Mary Ann
Yin, Shen
author_facet Flehmig, Niclas
Lundteigen, Mary Ann
Yin, Shen
contents This paper addresses a critical gap in the risk assessment of AI-enabled safety-critical systems. While these systems, where AI systems assists human operators, function as complex socio-technical systems, existing risk evaluation methods fail to account for the associated complex interaction between human, technical, and organizational elements. Through a comparative analysis of system attributes from both socio-technical and AI-enabled systems and a review of current risk evaluation methods, we confirm the absence of socio-technical considerations in standard risk expressions. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel socio-technical alignment $STA$ variable designed to be integrated into the foundational risk equation. This variable estimates the degree of harmonious interaction between the AI systems, human operators, and organizational processes. A case study on an AI-enabled liquid hydrogen bunkering system demonstrates the variable's relevance. By comparing a naive and a safeguarded system design, we illustrate how the $STA$-augmented expression captures socio-technical safety implications that traditional risk evaluation overlooks, providing a more holistic basis for risk evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06354
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Missing Variable: Socio-Technical Alignment in Risk Evaluation
Flehmig, Niclas
Lundteigen, Mary Ann
Yin, Shen
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Systems and Control
This paper addresses a critical gap in the risk assessment of AI-enabled safety-critical systems. While these systems, where AI systems assists human operators, function as complex socio-technical systems, existing risk evaluation methods fail to account for the associated complex interaction between human, technical, and organizational elements. Through a comparative analysis of system attributes from both socio-technical and AI-enabled systems and a review of current risk evaluation methods, we confirm the absence of socio-technical considerations in standard risk expressions. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel socio-technical alignment $STA$ variable designed to be integrated into the foundational risk equation. This variable estimates the degree of harmonious interaction between the AI systems, human operators, and organizational processes. A case study on an AI-enabled liquid hydrogen bunkering system demonstrates the variable's relevance. By comparing a naive and a safeguarded system design, we illustrate how the $STA$-augmented expression captures socio-technical safety implications that traditional risk evaluation overlooks, providing a more holistic basis for risk evaluation.
title The Missing Variable: Socio-Technical Alignment in Risk Evaluation
topic Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06354