Functional Reduction to Speed Up Bounded Model Checking

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yu, Changyuan, Che, Wenbin, Zhang, Hongce
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yu, Changyuan
Che, Wenbin
Zhang, Hongce
author_facet Yu, Changyuan
Che, Wenbin
Zhang, Hongce
contents Bounded model checking (BMC) is a widely used technique for formal property verification (FPV), where the transition relation is repeatedly unrolled to increasing depths and encoded into Boolean satisfiability (SAT) queries. As the bound grows deeper, these SAT queries typically become more difficult to solve, posing scalability challenges. Howevefor, many FPV problems involve multiple copies of related circuits, creating opportunities to simplify the unrolled transition relation. Motivated by the functionally reduced and-inverter-graph (FRAIG) technique, we propose FRAIG-BMC, which incrementally identifies and merges functionally equivalent nodes during the unrolling process. By reducing redundancy, FRAIG-BMC improves the efficiency of SAT solving and accelerates property checking. Experiments demonstrate that FRAIG-BMC significantly speeds up BMC across a range of applications, including sequential equivalence checking, partial retention register detection, and information flow checking
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06643
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Functional Reduction to Speed Up Bounded Model Checking
Yu, Changyuan
Che, Wenbin
Zhang, Hongce
Logic in Computer Science
Bounded model checking (BMC) is a widely used technique for formal property verification (FPV), where the transition relation is repeatedly unrolled to increasing depths and encoded into Boolean satisfiability (SAT) queries. As the bound grows deeper, these SAT queries typically become more difficult to solve, posing scalability challenges. Howevefor, many FPV problems involve multiple copies of related circuits, creating opportunities to simplify the unrolled transition relation. Motivated by the functionally reduced and-inverter-graph (FRAIG) technique, we propose FRAIG-BMC, which incrementally identifies and merges functionally equivalent nodes during the unrolling process. By reducing redundancy, FRAIG-BMC improves the efficiency of SAT solving and accelerates property checking. Experiments demonstrate that FRAIG-BMC significantly speeds up BMC across a range of applications, including sequential equivalence checking, partial retention register detection, and information flow checking
title Functional Reduction to Speed Up Bounded Model Checking
topic Logic in Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06643