Mitigating Barren Plateaus in Quantum Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914473036480512 |
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| author | Cao, Haipeng Zhang, Kaining Tao, Dacheng Su, Zhaofeng |
| author_facet | Cao, Haipeng Zhang, Kaining Tao, Dacheng Su, Zhaofeng |
| contents | Quantum generative models exploit quantum superposition and entanglement to enhance learning efficiency for both classical and quantum data. Recently, inspired by classical diffusion frameworks, the quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic model (QuDDPM) has emerged as a powerful tool for learning correlated noise models, many-body phases, and topological data structure. However, we demonstrate that QuDDPM's efficacy is currently restricted to small-scale systems (typically $\le$ 5 qubits). As the system size increases, a severe barren plateau (BP) problem emerges, fundamentally limiting the model's scalability. We provide rigorous theoretical proofs and experimental validation to identify the origin of this BP, distinct from previously known causes. To restore trainability, we introduce an architectureal enhancement that mitigates the BP and ensures training stability. Furthermore, we propose a conditional QuDDPM, capable of generating ground states based on Hamiltonian parameters, significantly expanding the utility of quantum generative models for complex quantum state preparation. Our approach not only restores the scalability and trainability bottlenecks of quantum diffusion models but also provides a robust tool for exploring complex quantum matter and state preparation in the NISQ era. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06695 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Mitigating Barren Plateaus in Quantum Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model Cao, Haipeng Zhang, Kaining Tao, Dacheng Su, Zhaofeng Machine Learning Quantum Physics Quantum generative models exploit quantum superposition and entanglement to enhance learning efficiency for both classical and quantum data. Recently, inspired by classical diffusion frameworks, the quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic model (QuDDPM) has emerged as a powerful tool for learning correlated noise models, many-body phases, and topological data structure. However, we demonstrate that QuDDPM's efficacy is currently restricted to small-scale systems (typically $\le$ 5 qubits). As the system size increases, a severe barren plateau (BP) problem emerges, fundamentally limiting the model's scalability. We provide rigorous theoretical proofs and experimental validation to identify the origin of this BP, distinct from previously known causes. To restore trainability, we introduce an architectureal enhancement that mitigates the BP and ensures training stability. Furthermore, we propose a conditional QuDDPM, capable of generating ground states based on Hamiltonian parameters, significantly expanding the utility of quantum generative models for complex quantum state preparation. Our approach not only restores the scalability and trainability bottlenecks of quantum diffusion models but also provides a robust tool for exploring complex quantum matter and state preparation in the NISQ era. |
| title | Mitigating Barren Plateaus in Quantum Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model |
| topic | Machine Learning Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06695 |