Revisiting the atmosphere of HAT-P-70b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Gan, Tianjun Orell-Miquel, Jaume Yan, Fei Nortmann, Lisa Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Pallé, Enric Mao, Shude Amado, Pedro J. Caballero, José A. Cikota, Stefan Cont, David Hatzes, Artie P. Henning, Thomas Lesjak, Fabio López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Morales, Juan Carlos Peláez-Torres, Alberto Quirrenbach, Andreas Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Schweitzer, Andreas |
| author_facet | Gan, Tianjun Orell-Miquel, Jaume Yan, Fei Nortmann, Lisa Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Pallé, Enric Mao, Shude Amado, Pedro J. Caballero, José A. Cikota, Stefan Cont, David Hatzes, Artie P. Henning, Thomas Lesjak, Fabio López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Morales, Juan Carlos Peláez-Torres, Alberto Quirrenbach, Andreas Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Schweitzer, Andreas |
| contents | Owing to hot and inflated envelopes that facilitate atmospheric studies, ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) have attracted much attention. Significant progress has been achieved, from enlarging the sample size to broadening the studies to encompass diverse stellar types and ages. Here, we present a transmission spectroscopy study of HAT-P-70b, an UHJ orbiting a young A-type star, through high-resolution observations with CARMENES at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope. By using the line-by-line technique, we confirm the previous detections of Ha, Na I, and Ca II, report a new tentative detection of K I, and impose an upper limit on the He triplet absorption. Through cross-correlation analysis, we identify the Ca II and Fe I absorptions, both blue-shifted by approximately 5 km/s, indicating a day-to-night side atmospheric wind. Additionally, we find a new tentative detection of K I. We do not see any significant atmospheric molecular signal in the near-infrared data. Putting HAT-P-70b in the context of UHJs from the literature, it turns out that (1) Ha absorption is more common on gas giants orbiting stars younger than 1 Gyr, with a relative detection probability of $P_{\rm Age<1\,Gyr}({\rm Ha})/P_{\rm Age\geq1\,Gyr}({\rm Ha})\sim 3$; (2) any UHJ is likely to exhibit Fe I absorption if it has Ca II. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_06731 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Revisiting the atmosphere of HAT-P-70b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy Gan, Tianjun Orell-Miquel, Jaume Yan, Fei Nortmann, Lisa Sanz-Forcada, Jorge Pallé, Enric Mao, Shude Amado, Pedro J. Caballero, José A. Cikota, Stefan Cont, David Hatzes, Artie P. Henning, Thomas Lesjak, Fabio López-Puertas, Manuel Montes, David Morales, Juan Carlos Peláez-Torres, Alberto Quirrenbach, Andreas Reiners, Ansgar Ribas, Ignasi Schweitzer, Andreas Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Owing to hot and inflated envelopes that facilitate atmospheric studies, ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) have attracted much attention. Significant progress has been achieved, from enlarging the sample size to broadening the studies to encompass diverse stellar types and ages. Here, we present a transmission spectroscopy study of HAT-P-70b, an UHJ orbiting a young A-type star, through high-resolution observations with CARMENES at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope. By using the line-by-line technique, we confirm the previous detections of Ha, Na I, and Ca II, report a new tentative detection of K I, and impose an upper limit on the He triplet absorption. Through cross-correlation analysis, we identify the Ca II and Fe I absorptions, both blue-shifted by approximately 5 km/s, indicating a day-to-night side atmospheric wind. Additionally, we find a new tentative detection of K I. We do not see any significant atmospheric molecular signal in the near-infrared data. Putting HAT-P-70b in the context of UHJs from the literature, it turns out that (1) Ha absorption is more common on gas giants orbiting stars younger than 1 Gyr, with a relative detection probability of $P_{\rm Age<1\,Gyr}({\rm Ha})/P_{\rm Age\geq1\,Gyr}({\rm Ha})\sim 3$; (2) any UHJ is likely to exhibit Fe I absorption if it has Ca II. |
| title | Revisiting the atmosphere of HAT-P-70b with CARMENES high-resolution transmission spectroscopy |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06731 |