Revisiting Quantum Supremacy: Simulating Sycamore-Class Circuits Using Hybrid CPU/GPU HPC Workloads
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Wold, Bob Kasirajan, Venkateswaran |
| author_facet | Wold, Bob Kasirajan, Venkateswaran |
| contents | We present a framework for effectively simulating the execution of quantum circuits originally designed to demonstrate quantum supremacy using accessible high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. Building on prior CPU-only approaches, our pipeline combines a single NVIDIA A100 GPU for quantum state construction, followed by N parallel CPU jobs that perform distributed measurement sampling. We validate the fidelity by simulating the 53-qubit, 14-cycle Sycamore circuit and achieving a linear cross-entropy benchmarking (XEB) score of 0.549, exceeding the published XEB score of 0.002 from Google's reference data. We then evaluate execution time performance with the more complex 53-qubit, 20-cycle circuit, completing the full 2.5 million-shot workload over 100 CPU jobs in 01:15:36, representing a 6.95 x 10^7 speedup compared to Google's original classical estimate. Further, we show that if 1,000 CPU jobs were employed, the estimated duration would be approximately 00:17:35, only 12 minutes slower than the time taken by the original QPU-based experiment. These results illustrate that 'quantum supremacy' is not fixed and continues to be a moving target. In addition, hybrid classical-quantum strategies may provide broader near-term quantum utility than once thought. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_07311 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Revisiting Quantum Supremacy: Simulating Sycamore-Class Circuits Using Hybrid CPU/GPU HPC Workloads Wold, Bob Kasirajan, Venkateswaran Quantum Physics We present a framework for effectively simulating the execution of quantum circuits originally designed to demonstrate quantum supremacy using accessible high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. Building on prior CPU-only approaches, our pipeline combines a single NVIDIA A100 GPU for quantum state construction, followed by N parallel CPU jobs that perform distributed measurement sampling. We validate the fidelity by simulating the 53-qubit, 14-cycle Sycamore circuit and achieving a linear cross-entropy benchmarking (XEB) score of 0.549, exceeding the published XEB score of 0.002 from Google's reference data. We then evaluate execution time performance with the more complex 53-qubit, 20-cycle circuit, completing the full 2.5 million-shot workload over 100 CPU jobs in 01:15:36, representing a 6.95 x 10^7 speedup compared to Google's original classical estimate. Further, we show that if 1,000 CPU jobs were employed, the estimated duration would be approximately 00:17:35, only 12 minutes slower than the time taken by the original QPU-based experiment. These results illustrate that 'quantum supremacy' is not fixed and continues to be a moving target. In addition, hybrid classical-quantum strategies may provide broader near-term quantum utility than once thought. |
| title | Revisiting Quantum Supremacy: Simulating Sycamore-Class Circuits Using Hybrid CPU/GPU HPC Workloads |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07311 |