Medical Test-free Disease Detection Based on Big Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhao, Haokun, Bai, Yingzhe, Xu, Qingyang, Zhou, Lixin, Chen, Jianxin, Fan, Jicong
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Zhao, Haokun
Bai, Yingzhe
Xu, Qingyang
Zhou, Lixin
Chen, Jianxin
Fan, Jicong
author_facet Zhao, Haokun
Bai, Yingzhe
Xu, Qingyang
Zhou, Lixin
Chen, Jianxin
Fan, Jicong
contents Accurate disease detection is of paramount importance for effective medical treatment and patient care. However, the process of disease detection is often associated with extensive medical testing and considerable costs, making it impractical to perform all possible medical tests on a patient to diagnose or predict hundreds or thousands of diseases. In this work, we propose Collaborative Learning for Disease Detection (CLDD), a novel graph-based deep learning model that formulates disease detection as a collaborative learning task by exploiting associations among diseases and similarities among patients adaptively. CLDD integrates patient-disease interactions and demographic features from electronic health records to detect hundreds or thousands of diseases for every patient, with little to no reliance on the corresponding medical tests. Extensive experiments on a processed version of the MIMIC-IV dataset comprising 61,191 patients and 2,000 diseases demonstrate that CLDD consistently outperforms representative baselines across multiple metrics, achieving a 6.33\% improvement in recall and 7.63\% improvement in precision. Furthermore, case studies on individual patients illustrate that CLDD can successfully recover masked diseases within its top-ranked predictions, demonstrating both interpretability and reliability in disease prediction. By reducing diagnostic costs and improving accessibility, CLDD holds promise for large-scale disease screening and social health security.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_07856
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Medical Test-free Disease Detection Based on Big Data
Zhao, Haokun
Bai, Yingzhe
Xu, Qingyang
Zhou, Lixin
Chen, Jianxin
Fan, Jicong
Machine Learning
Accurate disease detection is of paramount importance for effective medical treatment and patient care. However, the process of disease detection is often associated with extensive medical testing and considerable costs, making it impractical to perform all possible medical tests on a patient to diagnose or predict hundreds or thousands of diseases. In this work, we propose Collaborative Learning for Disease Detection (CLDD), a novel graph-based deep learning model that formulates disease detection as a collaborative learning task by exploiting associations among diseases and similarities among patients adaptively. CLDD integrates patient-disease interactions and demographic features from electronic health records to detect hundreds or thousands of diseases for every patient, with little to no reliance on the corresponding medical tests. Extensive experiments on a processed version of the MIMIC-IV dataset comprising 61,191 patients and 2,000 diseases demonstrate that CLDD consistently outperforms representative baselines across multiple metrics, achieving a 6.33\% improvement in recall and 7.63\% improvement in precision. Furthermore, case studies on individual patients illustrate that CLDD can successfully recover masked diseases within its top-ranked predictions, demonstrating both interpretability and reliability in disease prediction. By reducing diagnostic costs and improving accessibility, CLDD holds promise for large-scale disease screening and social health security.
title Medical Test-free Disease Detection Based on Big Data
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07856