First detection of X-ray polarization from the long-period X-ray pulsar 4U 1954+319

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Salganik, Alexander, Kong, Lingda, Forsblom, Sofia V., Zhou, Menglei, Liu, Honghui, Zhao, QingChang, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Santangelo, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Salganik, Alexander
Kong, Lingda
Forsblom, Sofia V.
Zhou, Menglei
Liu, Honghui
Zhao, QingChang
Tsygankov, Sergey S.
Santangelo, Andrea
Poutanen, Juri
author_facet Salganik, Alexander
Kong, Lingda
Forsblom, Sofia V.
Zhou, Menglei
Liu, Honghui
Zhao, QingChang
Tsygankov, Sergey S.
Santangelo, Andrea
Poutanen, Juri
contents We report the first detection of X-ray polarization with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer from the X-ray pulsar (XRP) 4U 1954$+$319. The source belongs to an extremely rare class of systems in which a slowly rotating neutron star accretes from the dense wind of a red supergiant companion. We detect coherent pulsations at $P_{\rm spin}=5.49\pm0.05$ h, which is one of the longest spin periods known among XRPs. While the phase-averaged analysis shows no significant polarization, with a 99% confidence minimum detectable polarization (MDP$_{99}$) of 4.9% in the 2-8 keV band, the phase-resolved analysis shows a single interval at pulse maximum in which the polarization degree (PD) exceeds the MDP$_{99}$, yielding ${\rm PD}=10.2_{-3.0}^{+3.1}$%. The polarization angle (PA) exhibits a smooth $\approx150^{\circ}$ rotation over the pulse, and a joint evaluation of all phase bins yields an overall detection significance of $3.3σ$. Using the rotating vector model, we identify a geometric solution that reproduces the observed PA variation. From this model, we infer a phase-independent ${\rm PD}$ of $6.1\pm1.1$% in the 2-8 keV band.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_08195
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle First detection of X-ray polarization from the long-period X-ray pulsar 4U 1954+319
Salganik, Alexander
Kong, Lingda
Forsblom, Sofia V.
Zhou, Menglei
Liu, Honghui
Zhao, QingChang
Tsygankov, Sergey S.
Santangelo, Andrea
Poutanen, Juri
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We report the first detection of X-ray polarization with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer from the X-ray pulsar (XRP) 4U 1954$+$319. The source belongs to an extremely rare class of systems in which a slowly rotating neutron star accretes from the dense wind of a red supergiant companion. We detect coherent pulsations at $P_{\rm spin}=5.49\pm0.05$ h, which is one of the longest spin periods known among XRPs. While the phase-averaged analysis shows no significant polarization, with a 99% confidence minimum detectable polarization (MDP$_{99}$) of 4.9% in the 2-8 keV band, the phase-resolved analysis shows a single interval at pulse maximum in which the polarization degree (PD) exceeds the MDP$_{99}$, yielding ${\rm PD}=10.2_{-3.0}^{+3.1}$%. The polarization angle (PA) exhibits a smooth $\approx150^{\circ}$ rotation over the pulse, and a joint evaluation of all phase bins yields an overall detection significance of $3.3σ$. Using the rotating vector model, we identify a geometric solution that reproduces the observed PA variation. From this model, we infer a phase-independent ${\rm PD}$ of $6.1\pm1.1$% in the 2-8 keV band.
title First detection of X-ray polarization from the long-period X-ray pulsar 4U 1954+319
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08195