Sub-diffraction-resolved spatial distribution of emitting excitons in STM-induced luminescence of 2D semiconductors via Richardson-Lucy deconvolution

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Auteurs principaux: Laurent, Elysé, Román, Ricardo Javier Peña, Miller, Sarah, Moghe, Aditi Raman, Lorchat, Etienne, Moal, Séverine Le, Boer-Duchemin, Elizabeth, Zagonel, Luiz Fernando, Berciaud, Stéphane, Moal, Eric Le
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Publié: 2025
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author Laurent, Elysé
Román, Ricardo Javier Peña
Miller, Sarah
Moghe, Aditi Raman
Lorchat, Etienne
Moal, Séverine Le
Boer-Duchemin, Elizabeth
Zagonel, Luiz Fernando
Berciaud, Stéphane
Moal, Eric Le
author_facet Laurent, Elysé
Román, Ricardo Javier Peña
Miller, Sarah
Moghe, Aditi Raman
Lorchat, Etienne
Moal, Séverine Le
Boer-Duchemin, Elizabeth
Zagonel, Luiz Fernando
Berciaud, Stéphane
Moal, Eric Le
contents Using scanning tunneling microscopy-induced luminescence (STML), the optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors may be investigated at the nanoscale. This is possible because the tunneling current under the tip is an extremely localized electrical excitation source. However, in most STML applications, the spatial distribution of the emission relative to the excitation point is unresolved. Yet this distribution contains key information about how the interaction of excitons with injected charge carriers affects the luminescence of these materials, and about exciton transport. Resolving this spatial distribution at the nanoscale is relevant both for a fundamental understanding of exciton physics and for device applications; yet it remains a significant challenge. In this work, we resolve the spatial distribution of the emission beyond the diffraction limit of light by deconvolving real-space optical microscopy images of the STML using an iterative algorithm, i.e., Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution. To showcase this technique, we apply it to the STML of monolayer tungsten diselenide ($\mathrm{WSe_2}$) and tungsten disulfide ($\mathrm{WS_2}$). Thus, we highlight hitherto ignored or misunderstood aspects of STML on 2D semiconductors related to exciton and charge carrier transport, namely the dependence of the spatial distribution of emission on the tunnel current setpoint and the origin of the emission from hot spots located micrometers from the excitation source.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_08401
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sub-diffraction-resolved spatial distribution of emitting excitons in STM-induced luminescence of 2D semiconductors via Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
Laurent, Elysé
Román, Ricardo Javier Peña
Miller, Sarah
Moghe, Aditi Raman
Lorchat, Etienne
Moal, Séverine Le
Boer-Duchemin, Elizabeth
Zagonel, Luiz Fernando
Berciaud, Stéphane
Moal, Eric Le
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Using scanning tunneling microscopy-induced luminescence (STML), the optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors may be investigated at the nanoscale. This is possible because the tunneling current under the tip is an extremely localized electrical excitation source. However, in most STML applications, the spatial distribution of the emission relative to the excitation point is unresolved. Yet this distribution contains key information about how the interaction of excitons with injected charge carriers affects the luminescence of these materials, and about exciton transport. Resolving this spatial distribution at the nanoscale is relevant both for a fundamental understanding of exciton physics and for device applications; yet it remains a significant challenge. In this work, we resolve the spatial distribution of the emission beyond the diffraction limit of light by deconvolving real-space optical microscopy images of the STML using an iterative algorithm, i.e., Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution. To showcase this technique, we apply it to the STML of monolayer tungsten diselenide ($\mathrm{WSe_2}$) and tungsten disulfide ($\mathrm{WS_2}$). Thus, we highlight hitherto ignored or misunderstood aspects of STML on 2D semiconductors related to exciton and charge carrier transport, namely the dependence of the spatial distribution of emission on the tunnel current setpoint and the origin of the emission from hot spots located micrometers from the excitation source.
title Sub-diffraction-resolved spatial distribution of emitting excitons in STM-induced luminescence of 2D semiconductors via Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
topic Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08401