Freeze-in Production of Non-Abelian Millicharged Vector Dark Matter

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tran, Van Que, Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Tran, Van Que
Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
author_facet Tran, Van Que
Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
contents We present the first predictive realization of vector freeze-in dark matter from a hidden non-Abelian gauge sector, spontaneously broken to a residual $U(1)$ with a massless dark photon mediator. A massive dark vector particle-antiparticle pair acquires small millicharges via a dimension-five kinetic mixing operator that induces a dimension-four mixing term with effective coefficient $ε$, and interacts through the hidden gauge coupling $g_D$, linking it weakly to the Standard Model. Solving the relic abundance with a two-temperature Boltzmann evolution including plasmon decays, we find that $ε, g_D \sim 10^{-7}$ reproduce the observed density while satisfying astrophysical and cosmological bounds. This minimal framework links non-Abelian vector dynamics, long-range dark forces, and dark matter, and can be testable with upcoming sub-GeV dark matter direct-detection experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_08622
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Freeze-in Production of Non-Abelian Millicharged Vector Dark Matter
Tran, Van Que
Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We present the first predictive realization of vector freeze-in dark matter from a hidden non-Abelian gauge sector, spontaneously broken to a residual $U(1)$ with a massless dark photon mediator. A massive dark vector particle-antiparticle pair acquires small millicharges via a dimension-five kinetic mixing operator that induces a dimension-four mixing term with effective coefficient $ε$, and interacts through the hidden gauge coupling $g_D$, linking it weakly to the Standard Model. Solving the relic abundance with a two-temperature Boltzmann evolution including plasmon decays, we find that $ε, g_D \sim 10^{-7}$ reproduce the observed density while satisfying astrophysical and cosmological bounds. This minimal framework links non-Abelian vector dynamics, long-range dark forces, and dark matter, and can be testable with upcoming sub-GeV dark matter direct-detection experiments.
title Freeze-in Production of Non-Abelian Millicharged Vector Dark Matter
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08622