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Main Authors: Yu, Wang-Wei, Allen, Bruce
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08666
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author Yu, Wang-Wei
Allen, Bruce
author_facet Yu, Wang-Wei
Allen, Bruce
contents Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous individual PTA searches because the combined 121-pulsar dataset is about four times larger than any single PTA's. For pulsars observed by multiple PTAs, we employ a new "direct combination" method to merge their astrophysical models and data. This avoids the challenge of reconciling different PTA timing models to obtain a single "best" model. A central result of our analysis is the posterior distribution of the amplitude $A_{gw}$ and exponent $γ_{gw}$ of the putative SGWB energy-density spectrum, modeled as a power law in frequency. While these results are consistent with a nonzero SGWB amplitude $A_{gw}$, the statistical significance-assessed via a Bayesian odds ratio and noise-marginalized false-alarm probabilities ($p$-values) for three detection statistics-remains below the conventional $5σ$ threshold for a confident detection. The inter-pulsar timing-residual correlation, reconstructed as a function of angle $θ$ between the pulsar lines of sight, matches the Hellings and Downs (HD) prediction.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_08666
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Stochastic gravitational-wave background search using data from five pulsar timing arrays
Yu, Wang-Wei
Allen, Bruce
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous individual PTA searches because the combined 121-pulsar dataset is about four times larger than any single PTA's. For pulsars observed by multiple PTAs, we employ a new "direct combination" method to merge their astrophysical models and data. This avoids the challenge of reconciling different PTA timing models to obtain a single "best" model. A central result of our analysis is the posterior distribution of the amplitude $A_{gw}$ and exponent $γ_{gw}$ of the putative SGWB energy-density spectrum, modeled as a power law in frequency. While these results are consistent with a nonzero SGWB amplitude $A_{gw}$, the statistical significance-assessed via a Bayesian odds ratio and noise-marginalized false-alarm probabilities ($p$-values) for three detection statistics-remains below the conventional $5σ$ threshold for a confident detection. The inter-pulsar timing-residual correlation, reconstructed as a function of angle $θ$ between the pulsar lines of sight, matches the Hellings and Downs (HD) prediction.
title Stochastic gravitational-wave background search using data from five pulsar timing arrays
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08666