Probing the origin of the kilonova candidate GRB 230307A: analysis of host galaxy and offset
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Bom, Clecio R. Rodrigues, Davi C. Cortesi, Arianna Araujo-Carvalho, Amanda E. Ruschel-Dutra, Daniel Iorio, Giuliano Santana-Silva, Luidhy Kilpatrick, Charles D. Ferrari, Fabricio Lomeli-Nuñez, Luis Harvey, Thomas Austin, Duncan Conselice, Christopher J. Adams, Nathan Fernandes, Roberto Cid |
| author_facet | Bom, Clecio R. Rodrigues, Davi C. Cortesi, Arianna Araujo-Carvalho, Amanda E. Ruschel-Dutra, Daniel Iorio, Giuliano Santana-Silva, Luidhy Kilpatrick, Charles D. Ferrari, Fabricio Lomeli-Nuñez, Luis Harvey, Thomas Austin, Duncan Conselice, Christopher J. Adams, Nathan Fernandes, Roberto Cid |
| contents | We investigate the host galaxy of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A, which is associated with a kilonova candidate likely produced by a binary neutron-star (BNS) merger. The transient occurred at a projected offset of ~40 kpc from its host. We consider two explanations for this large distance: (i) NSs that merge inside a remote globular cluster, or (ii) a BNS that formed in the disk whose orbit was strongly modified by the NS natal kicks. Using JWST data and comparisons with known globular clusters, we show that a globular-cluster origin is unlikely. Using JWST and MUSE data, we derive the host galaxy morphology, stellar mass, estimate the atomic gas (HI+He) contribution, and the host rotation curve. Assuming an NFW halo and applying Bayesian inference, we obtain a mass model for the host. From this model, we compute the time required for a disk-formed BNS, with a given natal kick, to reach the observed offset while marginalizing over uncertainties and over the initial position in the disk. We compare these results with BNS-merger simulations from a population-synthesis code combined with stellar evolutionary tracks, which provide the coalescence time and kick velocity for each realization. The two approaches have an overlap in the kick-time diagram, but only 0.1% of the simulated systems is compatible with the galaxy-mass model. This indicates that a disk origin is possible, but requires fine-tuned conditions for the kilonova to occur at such a large distance from the host galaxy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_09036 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Probing the origin of the kilonova candidate GRB 230307A: analysis of host galaxy and offset Bom, Clecio R. Rodrigues, Davi C. Cortesi, Arianna Araujo-Carvalho, Amanda E. Ruschel-Dutra, Daniel Iorio, Giuliano Santana-Silva, Luidhy Kilpatrick, Charles D. Ferrari, Fabricio Lomeli-Nuñez, Luis Harvey, Thomas Austin, Duncan Conselice, Christopher J. Adams, Nathan Fernandes, Roberto Cid High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies We investigate the host galaxy of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A, which is associated with a kilonova candidate likely produced by a binary neutron-star (BNS) merger. The transient occurred at a projected offset of ~40 kpc from its host. We consider two explanations for this large distance: (i) NSs that merge inside a remote globular cluster, or (ii) a BNS that formed in the disk whose orbit was strongly modified by the NS natal kicks. Using JWST data and comparisons with known globular clusters, we show that a globular-cluster origin is unlikely. Using JWST and MUSE data, we derive the host galaxy morphology, stellar mass, estimate the atomic gas (HI+He) contribution, and the host rotation curve. Assuming an NFW halo and applying Bayesian inference, we obtain a mass model for the host. From this model, we compute the time required for a disk-formed BNS, with a given natal kick, to reach the observed offset while marginalizing over uncertainties and over the initial position in the disk. We compare these results with BNS-merger simulations from a population-synthesis code combined with stellar evolutionary tracks, which provide the coalescence time and kick velocity for each realization. The two approaches have an overlap in the kick-time diagram, but only 0.1% of the simulated systems is compatible with the galaxy-mass model. This indicates that a disk origin is possible, but requires fine-tuned conditions for the kilonova to occur at such a large distance from the host galaxy. |
| title | Probing the origin of the kilonova candidate GRB 230307A: analysis of host galaxy and offset |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09036 |