Simulating surfactant effects in phase-transforming fluids
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866914415877554176 |
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| author | Feng, Keyu Mukherjee, Saikat Hu, Tianyi Gomez, Hector |
| author_facet | Feng, Keyu Mukherjee, Saikat Hu, Tianyi Gomez, Hector |
| contents | Surfactants are critical in natural processes and engineering, but measuring their concentrations in non-equilibrium conditions and in the presence of flow is difficult. Therefore, computational methods are a key tool for improving our understanding. Predicting the effect of surfactants on liquid-vapor transformations is particularly challenging due to (1) simultaneous mass transfer, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and Marangoni stresses, and (2) the phenomenological assumptions underlying many liquid-vapor phase-change models. Starting from the Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations, a first-principles approach to liquid-vapor phase transformations, we developed a model of liquid-vapor flows with surfactants. We performed simulations of bubbles under equilibrium and liquid-vapor interface oscillations to demonstrate that the model successfully reproduces surfactant-mediated reductions in surface tension. We also investigated the mechanisms whereby surfactant affects bubble coalescence and condensation. Overall, this work provides a new framework for studying the effect of surfactants on liquid-vapor transformations and suggests multiple areas for future research, including the impact of complex surface chemistries on flow around bubbles and the acoustic response of bubbles with surfactants. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_09140 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Simulating surfactant effects in phase-transforming fluids Feng, Keyu Mukherjee, Saikat Hu, Tianyi Gomez, Hector Fluid Dynamics Computational Physics Surfactants are critical in natural processes and engineering, but measuring their concentrations in non-equilibrium conditions and in the presence of flow is difficult. Therefore, computational methods are a key tool for improving our understanding. Predicting the effect of surfactants on liquid-vapor transformations is particularly challenging due to (1) simultaneous mass transfer, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and Marangoni stresses, and (2) the phenomenological assumptions underlying many liquid-vapor phase-change models. Starting from the Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations, a first-principles approach to liquid-vapor phase transformations, we developed a model of liquid-vapor flows with surfactants. We performed simulations of bubbles under equilibrium and liquid-vapor interface oscillations to demonstrate that the model successfully reproduces surfactant-mediated reductions in surface tension. We also investigated the mechanisms whereby surfactant affects bubble coalescence and condensation. Overall, this work provides a new framework for studying the effect of surfactants on liquid-vapor transformations and suggests multiple areas for future research, including the impact of complex surface chemistries on flow around bubbles and the acoustic response of bubbles with surfactants. |
| title | Simulating surfactant effects in phase-transforming fluids |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics Computational Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09140 |