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Main Authors: Sun, Peihan, Zhang, Manzhou, Yuan, Renxian, Li, Deming, Dong, Jian, Shi, Ying
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09302
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author Sun, Peihan
Zhang, Manzhou
Yuan, Renxian
Li, Deming
Dong, Jian
Shi, Ying
author_facet Sun, Peihan
Zhang, Manzhou
Yuan, Renxian
Li, Deming
Dong, Jian
Shi, Ying
contents Betatron tune measurement is essential for beam control in compact proton-therapy synchrotrons, yet conventional peak-detection techniques are not robust under the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions typical of these machines. This work presents a lightweight convolutional neural network that performs real-time tune extraction from Schottky spectra with sub-millisecond inference latency and calibrated uncertainty estimates. The model uses attention-based pooling for reliable peak localization and a dual-branch architecture that jointly predicts the tune and its associated uncertainty. Trained with a Laplace negative log-likelihood loss, it produces uncertainty estimates whose magnitude tracks the instantaneous prediction error, which enables uncertainty-aware Kalman filtering for temporal smoothing. Experiments on a large synthetic dataset spanning SNR levels from 0 to $-20$\,dB demonstrate substantial performance gains over traditional peak-detection baselines, while the Kalman filter further suppresses transient outliers in time-series operation. Preliminary validation on operational beam data confirms stable tune tracking without retraining. With only about $2.0\times 10^{4}$ trainable parameters and real-time inference on commodity GPU hardware, the proposed diagnostic offers a practical solution for rapid and accurate betatron tune monitoring in compact medical synchrotrons and similar accelerators.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_09302
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Real-Time-Capable Betatron Tune Measurement from Schottky Spectra Using Deep Learning and Uncertainty-Aware Kalman Filtering
Sun, Peihan
Zhang, Manzhou
Yuan, Renxian
Li, Deming
Dong, Jian
Shi, Ying
Accelerator Physics
Betatron tune measurement is essential for beam control in compact proton-therapy synchrotrons, yet conventional peak-detection techniques are not robust under the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions typical of these machines. This work presents a lightweight convolutional neural network that performs real-time tune extraction from Schottky spectra with sub-millisecond inference latency and calibrated uncertainty estimates. The model uses attention-based pooling for reliable peak localization and a dual-branch architecture that jointly predicts the tune and its associated uncertainty. Trained with a Laplace negative log-likelihood loss, it produces uncertainty estimates whose magnitude tracks the instantaneous prediction error, which enables uncertainty-aware Kalman filtering for temporal smoothing. Experiments on a large synthetic dataset spanning SNR levels from 0 to $-20$\,dB demonstrate substantial performance gains over traditional peak-detection baselines, while the Kalman filter further suppresses transient outliers in time-series operation. Preliminary validation on operational beam data confirms stable tune tracking without retraining. With only about $2.0\times 10^{4}$ trainable parameters and real-time inference on commodity GPU hardware, the proposed diagnostic offers a practical solution for rapid and accurate betatron tune monitoring in compact medical synchrotrons and similar accelerators.
title Real-Time-Capable Betatron Tune Measurement from Schottky Spectra Using Deep Learning and Uncertainty-Aware Kalman Filtering
topic Accelerator Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09302