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Main Authors: Kravatskiy, Alexey, Kozyrev, Ivan, Kozlov, Nikolai, Vinogradov, Alexander, Merkulov, Daniil, Oseledets, Ivan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09678
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author Kravatskiy, Alexey
Kozyrev, Ivan
Kozlov, Nikolai
Vinogradov, Alexander
Merkulov, Daniil
Oseledets, Ivan
author_facet Kravatskiy, Alexey
Kozyrev, Ivan
Kozlov, Nikolai
Vinogradov, Alexander
Merkulov, Daniil
Oseledets, Ivan
contents In this article, we explore the use of various matrix norms for optimizing functions of weight matrices, a crucial problem in training large language models. Moving beyond the spectral norm underlying the Muon update, we leverage duals of the Ky Fan $k$-norms to introduce a family of Muon-like algorithms we name Fanions, which are closely related to Dion. By working with duals of convex combinations of the Ky Fan $k$-norms with either the Frobenius norm or the $l_\infty$ norm, we construct the families of F-Fanions and S-Fanions, respectively. Their most prominent members are F-Muon and S-Muon. We complement our theoretical analysis with an extensive empirical study of these algorithms across a wide range of tasks and settings, demonstrating that F-Muon and S-Muon consistently match Muon's performance, while outperforming vanilla Muon on a synthetic linear least squares problem.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_09678
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Ky Fan Norms and Beyond: Dual Norms and Combinations for Matrix Optimization
Kravatskiy, Alexey
Kozyrev, Ivan
Kozlov, Nikolai
Vinogradov, Alexander
Merkulov, Daniil
Oseledets, Ivan
Optimization and Control
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
In this article, we explore the use of various matrix norms for optimizing functions of weight matrices, a crucial problem in training large language models. Moving beyond the spectral norm underlying the Muon update, we leverage duals of the Ky Fan $k$-norms to introduce a family of Muon-like algorithms we name Fanions, which are closely related to Dion. By working with duals of convex combinations of the Ky Fan $k$-norms with either the Frobenius norm or the $l_\infty$ norm, we construct the families of F-Fanions and S-Fanions, respectively. Their most prominent members are F-Muon and S-Muon. We complement our theoretical analysis with an extensive empirical study of these algorithms across a wide range of tasks and settings, demonstrating that F-Muon and S-Muon consistently match Muon's performance, while outperforming vanilla Muon on a synthetic linear least squares problem.
title The Ky Fan Norms and Beyond: Dual Norms and Combinations for Matrix Optimization
topic Optimization and Control
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09678