The Two-Step Property and the Mathematics of Musical Scale Size

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Clader, Emily, Jelmyer, Vanessa
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Clader, Emily
Jelmyer, Vanessa
author_facet Clader, Emily
Jelmyer, Vanessa
contents A Pythagorean scale is a mathematical encoding of a musical scale as a finite list of numbers of the form 3^b/2^a. Previous work of the first author discussed the 2-step property as a way to measure which Pythagorean scales are the most "evenly-spaced." In this paper, we give a mathematician's account of the characterization of the Pythagorean scales that have the 2-step property; compellingly, the list includes the 5-note, 7-note, and 12-note Pythagorean scales, which are well-known as the pentatonic, diatonic, and chromatic scales of music theory. (After this preprint was initially posted, it was brought to our attention that these results are not new: they have previously appeared in the work of Carey and Clampitt, and related work has been done by several other members of the music theory community, now cited below. We leave this preprint available because it is written for mathematicians with no musical background, and as such may provide helpful exposition for some audiences, but we no longer make any claim to originality of the content.)
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_09956
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Two-Step Property and the Mathematics of Musical Scale Size
Clader, Emily
Jelmyer, Vanessa
History and Overview
00A65, 11A55
A Pythagorean scale is a mathematical encoding of a musical scale as a finite list of numbers of the form 3^b/2^a. Previous work of the first author discussed the 2-step property as a way to measure which Pythagorean scales are the most "evenly-spaced." In this paper, we give a mathematician's account of the characterization of the Pythagorean scales that have the 2-step property; compellingly, the list includes the 5-note, 7-note, and 12-note Pythagorean scales, which are well-known as the pentatonic, diatonic, and chromatic scales of music theory. (After this preprint was initially posted, it was brought to our attention that these results are not new: they have previously appeared in the work of Carey and Clampitt, and related work has been done by several other members of the music theory community, now cited below. We leave this preprint available because it is written for mathematicians with no musical background, and as such may provide helpful exposition for some audiences, but we no longer make any claim to originality of the content.)
title The Two-Step Property and the Mathematics of Musical Scale Size
topic History and Overview
00A65, 11A55
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09956