A Model-Guided Neural Network Method for the Inverse Scattering Problem

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tsang, Olivia, Melia, Owen, Charisopoulos, Vasileios, Hoskins, Jeremy, Khoo, Yuehaw, Willett, Rebecca
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Tsang, Olivia
Melia, Owen
Charisopoulos, Vasileios
Hoskins, Jeremy
Khoo, Yuehaw
Willett, Rebecca
author_facet Tsang, Olivia
Melia, Owen
Charisopoulos, Vasileios
Hoskins, Jeremy
Khoo, Yuehaw
Willett, Rebecca
contents Inverse medium scattering is an ill-posed, nonlinear wave-based imaging problem arising in medical imaging, remote sensing, and non-destructive testing. Machine learning (ML) methods offer increased inference speed and flexibility in capturing prior knowledge of imaging targets relative to classical optimization-based approaches; however, they perform poorly in regimes where the scattering behavior is highly nonlinear. A key limitation is that ML methods struggle to incorporate the physics governing the scattering process, which are typically inferred implicitly from the training data or loosely enforced via architectural design. In this paper, we present a method that endows a machine learning framework with explicit knowledge of problem physics, in the form of a differentiable solver representing the forward model. The proposed method progressively refines reconstructions of the scattering potential using measurements at increasing wave frequencies, following a classical strategy to stabilize recovery. Empirically, we find that our method provides high-quality reconstructions at a fraction of the computational or sampling costs of competing approaches.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10123
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Model-Guided Neural Network Method for the Inverse Scattering Problem
Tsang, Olivia
Melia, Owen
Charisopoulos, Vasileios
Hoskins, Jeremy
Khoo, Yuehaw
Willett, Rebecca
Computational Physics
Machine Learning
Inverse medium scattering is an ill-posed, nonlinear wave-based imaging problem arising in medical imaging, remote sensing, and non-destructive testing. Machine learning (ML) methods offer increased inference speed and flexibility in capturing prior knowledge of imaging targets relative to classical optimization-based approaches; however, they perform poorly in regimes where the scattering behavior is highly nonlinear. A key limitation is that ML methods struggle to incorporate the physics governing the scattering process, which are typically inferred implicitly from the training data or loosely enforced via architectural design. In this paper, we present a method that endows a machine learning framework with explicit knowledge of problem physics, in the form of a differentiable solver representing the forward model. The proposed method progressively refines reconstructions of the scattering potential using measurements at increasing wave frequencies, following a classical strategy to stabilize recovery. Empirically, we find that our method provides high-quality reconstructions at a fraction of the computational or sampling costs of competing approaches.
title A Model-Guided Neural Network Method for the Inverse Scattering Problem
topic Computational Physics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10123