DualProtoSeg: Simple and Efficient Design with Text- and Image-Guided Prototype Learning for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Image Segmentation

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Main Authors: Vu, Anh M., Le, Khang P., Vo, Trang T. K., Thach, Ha, Nguyen, Huy Hung, Yang, David, Huynh, Han H., Nguyen, Quynh, Pham, Tuan M., Le, Tuan-Anh, Le, Minh H. N., Nguyen, Thanh-Huy, Awasthi, Akash, Mohan, Chandra, Han, Zhu, Van Nguyen, Hien
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Vu, Anh M.
Le, Khang P.
Vo, Trang T. K.
Thach, Ha
Nguyen, Huy Hung
Yang, David
Huynh, Han H.
Nguyen, Quynh
Pham, Tuan M.
Le, Tuan-Anh
Le, Minh H. N.
Nguyen, Thanh-Huy
Awasthi, Akash
Mohan, Chandra
Han, Zhu
Van Nguyen, Hien
author_facet Vu, Anh M.
Le, Khang P.
Vo, Trang T. K.
Thach, Ha
Nguyen, Huy Hung
Yang, David
Huynh, Han H.
Nguyen, Quynh
Pham, Tuan M.
Le, Tuan-Anh
Le, Minh H. N.
Nguyen, Thanh-Huy
Awasthi, Akash
Mohan, Chandra
Han, Zhu
Van Nguyen, Hien
contents Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) in histopathology seeks to reduce annotation cost by learning from image-level labels, yet it remains limited by inter-class homogeneity, intra-class heterogeneity, and the region-shrinkage effect of CAM-based supervision. We propose a simple and effective prototype-driven framework that leverages vision-language alignment to improve region discovery under weak supervision. Our method integrates CoOp-style learnable prompt tuning to generate text-based prototypes and combines them with learnable image prototypes, forming a dual-modal prototype bank that captures both semantic and appearance cues. To address oversmoothing in ViT representations, we incorporate a multi-scale pyramid module that enhances spatial precision and improves localization quality. Experiments on the BCSS-WSSS benchmark show that our approach surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods, and detailed analyses demonstrate the benefits of text description diversity, context length, and the complementary behavior of text and image prototypes. These results highlight the effectiveness of jointly leveraging textual semantics and visual prototype learning for WSSS in digital pathology.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10314
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle DualProtoSeg: Simple and Efficient Design with Text- and Image-Guided Prototype Learning for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Image Segmentation
Vu, Anh M.
Le, Khang P.
Vo, Trang T. K.
Thach, Ha
Nguyen, Huy Hung
Yang, David
Huynh, Han H.
Nguyen, Quynh
Pham, Tuan M.
Le, Tuan-Anh
Le, Minh H. N.
Nguyen, Thanh-Huy
Awasthi, Akash
Mohan, Chandra
Han, Zhu
Van Nguyen, Hien
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) in histopathology seeks to reduce annotation cost by learning from image-level labels, yet it remains limited by inter-class homogeneity, intra-class heterogeneity, and the region-shrinkage effect of CAM-based supervision. We propose a simple and effective prototype-driven framework that leverages vision-language alignment to improve region discovery under weak supervision. Our method integrates CoOp-style learnable prompt tuning to generate text-based prototypes and combines them with learnable image prototypes, forming a dual-modal prototype bank that captures both semantic and appearance cues. To address oversmoothing in ViT representations, we incorporate a multi-scale pyramid module that enhances spatial precision and improves localization quality. Experiments on the BCSS-WSSS benchmark show that our approach surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods, and detailed analyses demonstrate the benefits of text description diversity, context length, and the complementary behavior of text and image prototypes. These results highlight the effectiveness of jointly leveraging textual semantics and visual prototype learning for WSSS in digital pathology.
title DualProtoSeg: Simple and Efficient Design with Text- and Image-Guided Prototype Learning for Weakly Supervised Histopathology Image Segmentation
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10314