A Cryogenic Muon Tagging System Based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Superconducting Quantum Processors
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Mariani, Ambra Cardani, Laura Bal, Mustafa Casali, Nicola Colantoni, Ivan Cruciani, Angelo Del Castello, Giorgio Delicato, Daniele De Dominicis, Francesco Raccagiovine, Matteo del Gallo Folcarelli, Matteo Garattoni, Sabrina Grassellino, Anna Raja, Mehmood Khan Yasir Pettinacci, Valerio Ressa, Alberto Roy, Tanay Vignati, Marco van Zanten, David |
| author_facet | Mariani, Ambra Cardani, Laura Bal, Mustafa Casali, Nicola Colantoni, Ivan Cruciani, Angelo Del Castello, Giorgio Delicato, Daniele De Dominicis, Francesco Raccagiovine, Matteo del Gallo Folcarelli, Matteo Garattoni, Sabrina Grassellino, Anna Raja, Mehmood Khan Yasir Pettinacci, Valerio Ressa, Alberto Roy, Tanay Vignati, Marco van Zanten, David |
| contents | Ionizing radiation has emerged as a potential limiting factor for superconducting quantum processors, inducing quasiparticle bursts and correlated errors that challenge fault-tolerant operation. Atmospheric muons are particularly problematic due to their high energy and penetration power, making passive shielding ineffective. Therefore, monitoring the real-time muon flux is crucial to guide the development of alternative error-correction or mitigation strategies. We present the design, simulation, and first operation of a cryogenic muon-tagging system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs), developed as a stand-alone cryogenic particle-tagging module for superconducting quantum processors. The system consists of two KIDs arranged in a vertical stack and operated at $\sim$20 mK. Monte Carlo simulations based on Geant4 guided the prototype design and provided reference expectations for muon-tagging efficiency and accidental coincidences due to ambient $γ$-rays. We observed a muon-induced coincidence rate among the top and bottom detectors of (192 $\pm$ 9)$\times10^{-3}$ events/s, in excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo prediction. The prototype achieves a muon-tagging efficiency of about 90% with negligible dead time. These results demonstrate the feasibility of operating a muon-tagging system at millikelvin temperatures and represent a key step toward the integration of cryogenic veto systems with multi-qubit chips to mitigate muon-induced errors. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10679 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Cryogenic Muon Tagging System Based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Superconducting Quantum Processors Mariani, Ambra Cardani, Laura Bal, Mustafa Casali, Nicola Colantoni, Ivan Cruciani, Angelo Del Castello, Giorgio Delicato, Daniele De Dominicis, Francesco Raccagiovine, Matteo del Gallo Folcarelli, Matteo Garattoni, Sabrina Grassellino, Anna Raja, Mehmood Khan Yasir Pettinacci, Valerio Ressa, Alberto Roy, Tanay Vignati, Marco van Zanten, David Quantum Physics Ionizing radiation has emerged as a potential limiting factor for superconducting quantum processors, inducing quasiparticle bursts and correlated errors that challenge fault-tolerant operation. Atmospheric muons are particularly problematic due to their high energy and penetration power, making passive shielding ineffective. Therefore, monitoring the real-time muon flux is crucial to guide the development of alternative error-correction or mitigation strategies. We present the design, simulation, and first operation of a cryogenic muon-tagging system based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs), developed as a stand-alone cryogenic particle-tagging module for superconducting quantum processors. The system consists of two KIDs arranged in a vertical stack and operated at $\sim$20 mK. Monte Carlo simulations based on Geant4 guided the prototype design and provided reference expectations for muon-tagging efficiency and accidental coincidences due to ambient $γ$-rays. We observed a muon-induced coincidence rate among the top and bottom detectors of (192 $\pm$ 9)$\times10^{-3}$ events/s, in excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo prediction. The prototype achieves a muon-tagging efficiency of about 90% with negligible dead time. These results demonstrate the feasibility of operating a muon-tagging system at millikelvin temperatures and represent a key step toward the integration of cryogenic veto systems with multi-qubit chips to mitigate muon-induced errors. |
| title | A Cryogenic Muon Tagging System Based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Superconducting Quantum Processors |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10679 |