Two-Dimensional Pulsar Distance Inference from Nanohertz Gravitational Waves

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Xiao, Si-Ren, Song, Ji-Yu, Shao, Yue, Wang, Ling-Feng, Zhang, Jing-Fei, Zhang, Xin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xiao, Si-Ren
Song, Ji-Yu
Shao, Yue
Wang, Ling-Feng
Zhang, Jing-Fei
Zhang, Xin
author_facet Xiao, Si-Ren
Song, Ji-Yu
Shao, Yue
Wang, Ling-Feng
Zhang, Jing-Fei
Zhang, Xin
contents Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are limited in localizing nanohertz continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) by uncertainties in pulsar distances. We introduce a method to infer pulsar distances in two dimensions, using phase information from the pulsar terms of multiple CGW sources. Our approach can enhance distance precision and, in some cases, achieve order-of-magnitude improvements relative to existing one-dimensional distance-inference methods. Using simulations of an SKA-era PTA with realistic parallax-based distance priors, we demonstrate that pulsars at $\sim 1$ kpc can achieve sub-parsec distance precision with only a few CGW sources. Such improvements in pulsar-distance precision have important implications for CGW host-galaxy identification and multimessenger observational prospects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10729
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Two-Dimensional Pulsar Distance Inference from Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
Xiao, Si-Ren
Song, Ji-Yu
Shao, Yue
Wang, Ling-Feng
Zhang, Jing-Fei
Zhang, Xin
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are limited in localizing nanohertz continuous gravitational waves (CGWs) by uncertainties in pulsar distances. We introduce a method to infer pulsar distances in two dimensions, using phase information from the pulsar terms of multiple CGW sources. Our approach can enhance distance precision and, in some cases, achieve order-of-magnitude improvements relative to existing one-dimensional distance-inference methods. Using simulations of an SKA-era PTA with realistic parallax-based distance priors, we demonstrate that pulsars at $\sim 1$ kpc can achieve sub-parsec distance precision with only a few CGW sources. Such improvements in pulsar-distance precision have important implications for CGW host-galaxy identification and multimessenger observational prospects.
title Two-Dimensional Pulsar Distance Inference from Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10729