Kicking Politics: How Football Fan Communities Became Arenas for Political Influence

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Paffard, Helen, Pacheco, Diogo
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Paffard, Helen
Pacheco, Diogo
author_facet Paffard, Helen
Pacheco, Diogo
contents This paper investigates how political campaigns engaged UK football fan communities on Twitter in the aftermath of the Brexit Referendum (2016-2017). Football fandom, with its strong collective identities and tribal behaviours, offers fertile ground for political influence. Combining social network and content analysis, we examine how political discourse became embedded in football conversations. We show that a wide range of actors -- including parties, media, activist groups, and pseudonymous influencers -- mobilised support, provoked reactions, and shaped opinion within these communities. Through case studies of hashtag hijacking, embedded activism, and political "megaphones", we illustrate how campaigns leveraged fan cultures to amplify political messages. Our findings highlight mechanisms of political influence in ostensibly non-political online spaces and point toward the development of a broader framework in future work.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10737
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Kicking Politics: How Football Fan Communities Became Arenas for Political Influence
Paffard, Helen
Pacheco, Diogo
Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
This paper investigates how political campaigns engaged UK football fan communities on Twitter in the aftermath of the Brexit Referendum (2016-2017). Football fandom, with its strong collective identities and tribal behaviours, offers fertile ground for political influence. Combining social network and content analysis, we examine how political discourse became embedded in football conversations. We show that a wide range of actors -- including parties, media, activist groups, and pseudonymous influencers -- mobilised support, provoked reactions, and shaped opinion within these communities. Through case studies of hashtag hijacking, embedded activism, and political "megaphones", we illustrate how campaigns leveraged fan cultures to amplify political messages. Our findings highlight mechanisms of political influence in ostensibly non-political online spaces and point toward the development of a broader framework in future work.
title Kicking Politics: How Football Fan Communities Became Arenas for Political Influence
topic Social and Information Networks
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10737