Resolving the ionizing photon budget crisis with JWST/NIRCam HII clumping constraints at z=6

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Austin, Duncan, Harvey, Thomas, Conselice, Christopher J., Adams, Nathan J., Rusakov, Vadim, Li, Qiong, Westcott, Lewi, Goolsby, Caio, Madgwick, Kai, Arcidiacono, James, Ricotti, Massimo, Newman, Sophie L., Seeyave, Louise T. C., Trussler, James, Frye, Brenda, Grogin, Norman A., Jansen, Rolf A., Koekemoer, Anton M., Pirzkal, Nor, Rutkowski, Michael, Windhorst, Rogier A.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Austin, Duncan
Harvey, Thomas
Conselice, Christopher J.
Adams, Nathan J.
Rusakov, Vadim
Li, Qiong
Westcott, Lewi
Goolsby, Caio
Madgwick, Kai
Arcidiacono, James
Ricotti, Massimo
Newman, Sophie L.
Seeyave, Louise T. C.
Trussler, James
Frye, Brenda
Grogin, Norman A.
Jansen, Rolf A.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Pirzkal, Nor
Rutkowski, Michael
Windhorst, Rogier A.
author_facet Austin, Duncan
Harvey, Thomas
Conselice, Christopher J.
Adams, Nathan J.
Rusakov, Vadim
Li, Qiong
Westcott, Lewi
Goolsby, Caio
Madgwick, Kai
Arcidiacono, James
Ricotti, Massimo
Newman, Sophie L.
Seeyave, Louise T. C.
Trussler, James
Frye, Brenda
Grogin, Norman A.
Jansen, Rolf A.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Pirzkal, Nor
Rutkowski, Michael
Windhorst, Rogier A.
contents We present a comprehensive study of the ionizing properties of 1721 galaxies at $5.6<z<6.5$ using deep JWST/NIRCam photometric imaging from the NEP, JADES, and PRIMER surveys spanning an unmasked area $\sim550$arcmin$^2$ across UV magnitudes $-22\lesssim M_{\rm UV}\lesssim-17.5$. Our $90\%$ stellar mass complete sample suggests little relation of UV slope with magnitude, $β_{\rm UV}=(-0.040\pm0.022)M_{\rm UV}-2.88^{+0.43}_{-0.44}$, implying $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}\simeq5\%$ based on calibrations from the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS). We measure a constant ionizing photon production efficiency with UV magnitude, $\log_{10}(ξ_{\rm ion, 0}/\rm Hz\,erg^{-1}) = -0.006^{+0.019}_{-0.017}~M_{\rm UV} + 25.05^{+0.39}_{-0.34}$, consistent with HST canonical values. The total production rate of photons escaping into the IGM is computed as $\log_{10}(\dot{n}_{\rm ion}/\rm s^{-1}Mpc^{-3})=50.31^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ for $M_{\rm UV}<-17$ galaxies from our star forming and smouldering UV luminosity functions (UVLFs), which differ in the faint-end slope ($α_{\rm SFG}=-2.2\pm0.2$; $α_{\rm sm}=-1.7\pm0.2$). Extrapolating to the latest UVLF turnover limits from the massive lensing galaxy cluster Abell S1063 ($M_{\rm UV, lim}=-13.5$) implies that a recombination-weighted HII clumping factor $C_{\rm HII, rec}=6.2^{+4.1}_{-2.1}$ is required to produce fully stably reionized at $z\simeq6$. A clumping factor of this magnitude resolves the ionizing photon budget crisis. Our methodology paves the way for indirect clumping measurements from galaxies which will provide insight into earlier stages of the EoR when the Ly$α$-forest becomes saturated and more direct quasar measurements become impossible.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_10839
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Resolving the ionizing photon budget crisis with JWST/NIRCam HII clumping constraints at z=6
Austin, Duncan
Harvey, Thomas
Conselice, Christopher J.
Adams, Nathan J.
Rusakov, Vadim
Li, Qiong
Westcott, Lewi
Goolsby, Caio
Madgwick, Kai
Arcidiacono, James
Ricotti, Massimo
Newman, Sophie L.
Seeyave, Louise T. C.
Trussler, James
Frye, Brenda
Grogin, Norman A.
Jansen, Rolf A.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Pirzkal, Nor
Rutkowski, Michael
Windhorst, Rogier A.
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
We present a comprehensive study of the ionizing properties of 1721 galaxies at $5.6<z<6.5$ using deep JWST/NIRCam photometric imaging from the NEP, JADES, and PRIMER surveys spanning an unmasked area $\sim550$arcmin$^2$ across UV magnitudes $-22\lesssim M_{\rm UV}\lesssim-17.5$. Our $90\%$ stellar mass complete sample suggests little relation of UV slope with magnitude, $β_{\rm UV}=(-0.040\pm0.022)M_{\rm UV}-2.88^{+0.43}_{-0.44}$, implying $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}\simeq5\%$ based on calibrations from the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS). We measure a constant ionizing photon production efficiency with UV magnitude, $\log_{10}(ξ_{\rm ion, 0}/\rm Hz\,erg^{-1}) = -0.006^{+0.019}_{-0.017}~M_{\rm UV} + 25.05^{+0.39}_{-0.34}$, consistent with HST canonical values. The total production rate of photons escaping into the IGM is computed as $\log_{10}(\dot{n}_{\rm ion}/\rm s^{-1}Mpc^{-3})=50.31^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ for $M_{\rm UV}<-17$ galaxies from our star forming and smouldering UV luminosity functions (UVLFs), which differ in the faint-end slope ($α_{\rm SFG}=-2.2\pm0.2$; $α_{\rm sm}=-1.7\pm0.2$). Extrapolating to the latest UVLF turnover limits from the massive lensing galaxy cluster Abell S1063 ($M_{\rm UV, lim}=-13.5$) implies that a recombination-weighted HII clumping factor $C_{\rm HII, rec}=6.2^{+4.1}_{-2.1}$ is required to produce fully stably reionized at $z\simeq6$. A clumping factor of this magnitude resolves the ionizing photon budget crisis. Our methodology paves the way for indirect clumping measurements from galaxies which will provide insight into earlier stages of the EoR when the Ly$α$-forest becomes saturated and more direct quasar measurements become impossible.
title Resolving the ionizing photon budget crisis with JWST/NIRCam HII clumping constraints at z=6
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10839