TeV Scale Quark-Lepton Unification
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2025
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| author | Babu, K. S. Biswas, Sumit Saad, Shaikh |
| author_facet | Babu, K. S. Biswas, Sumit Saad, Shaikh |
| contents | We propose a quark-lepton symmetric Pati-Salam (PS) model based on the gauge group $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times SU(4)_C$ with an $E_6$-inspired particle spectrum which naturally accommodates a multi-TeV leptoquark gauge boson $X_μ(3,1,\frac{2}{3})$. A softly broken $Z_2$ symmetry plays a crucial role in realizing this scenario, under which the Standard Model (SM) fermions are even, while new vector-like fermions present in the model are odd. A notable feature of this model is that the PS gauge boson $X_μ$ itself is $Z_2$-odd, causing it to couple exclusively between SM fermions and the vector-like fermions, except in the right-handed down-quark sector, where mixing is induced by the soft breaking of $Z_2$. This structure leads to helicity suppression of tree-level meson decays mediated by $X_μ$, with helicity-unsuppressed contributions arising only via one-loop diagrams. We show that $X_μ$ can be as light as 1.1 TeV while being compatible with all flavor-violating constraints. However, mass relations among the $(W'^\pm_μ, Z'_μ, X_μ)$ gauge bosons push the $X_μ$ mass limit up to 4.3 TeV from the stringent LHC bounds on the $Z^\prime$ mass. This comparatively low PS-breaking scale opens up promising collider opportunities for probing the leptoquark gauge boson, as well as the distinctive signature of vector-like down-type quarks carrying an unusual baryon number of $2/3$. The model can be further tested via lepton flavor-violating processes induced by the leptoquark gauge boson, such as $μ\to e γ$, $μ\to e e e$, and $μ$-$e$ conversion in nuclei. Neutrino masses arise in the model through dimension-seven operators at tree-level, as well as from dimension-five operators via one-loop diagrams. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_11113 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | TeV Scale Quark-Lepton Unification Babu, K. S. Biswas, Sumit Saad, Shaikh High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory We propose a quark-lepton symmetric Pati-Salam (PS) model based on the gauge group $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times SU(4)_C$ with an $E_6$-inspired particle spectrum which naturally accommodates a multi-TeV leptoquark gauge boson $X_μ(3,1,\frac{2}{3})$. A softly broken $Z_2$ symmetry plays a crucial role in realizing this scenario, under which the Standard Model (SM) fermions are even, while new vector-like fermions present in the model are odd. A notable feature of this model is that the PS gauge boson $X_μ$ itself is $Z_2$-odd, causing it to couple exclusively between SM fermions and the vector-like fermions, except in the right-handed down-quark sector, where mixing is induced by the soft breaking of $Z_2$. This structure leads to helicity suppression of tree-level meson decays mediated by $X_μ$, with helicity-unsuppressed contributions arising only via one-loop diagrams. We show that $X_μ$ can be as light as 1.1 TeV while being compatible with all flavor-violating constraints. However, mass relations among the $(W'^\pm_μ, Z'_μ, X_μ)$ gauge bosons push the $X_μ$ mass limit up to 4.3 TeV from the stringent LHC bounds on the $Z^\prime$ mass. This comparatively low PS-breaking scale opens up promising collider opportunities for probing the leptoquark gauge boson, as well as the distinctive signature of vector-like down-type quarks carrying an unusual baryon number of $2/3$. The model can be further tested via lepton flavor-violating processes induced by the leptoquark gauge boson, such as $μ\to e γ$, $μ\to e e e$, and $μ$-$e$ conversion in nuclei. Neutrino masses arise in the model through dimension-seven operators at tree-level, as well as from dimension-five operators via one-loop diagrams. |
| title | TeV Scale Quark-Lepton Unification |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11113 |