A mini-review on combinatorial solutions to the Marcus-Lushnikov irreversible aggregation

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Main Authors: Łepek, Michał, Fronczak, Agata, Fronczak, Piotr
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Łepek, Michał
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
author_facet Łepek, Michał
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
contents Over the past decade, a combinatorial framework for discrete, finite, and irreversibly aggregating systems has emerged. This work reviews its progress, practical applications, and limitations. We outline the approach's assumptions and foundations, based on direct enumeration of system states, contrasting with classical Smoluchowski and Marcus-Lushnikov methods. Using the constant kernel as an example, we derive combinatorial expressions for the average number of clusters of a given size and their standard deviation, and present the complete probability distribution for cluster counts. The method is then extended to several kernels (additive, product, linear-chain, condensation) by explicitly enumerating ways to form clusters of a given size. For general kernels, approximate solutions are obtained via recursive expressions, enabling predictions without explicit solutions. Applications to aerosol growth and planetesimal formation are demonstrated, with comparisons to numerical results. We summarize issues of validity and precision and propose open problems. The appendix includes partial Bell polynomials, generating functions, Lagrange inversion, potential applications, and links between combinatorial and scaling solutions of the Smoluchowski equation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_11459
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A mini-review on combinatorial solutions to the Marcus-Lushnikov irreversible aggregation
Łepek, Michał
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
Statistical Mechanics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Soft Condensed Matter
Mathematical Physics
Chemical Physics
Over the past decade, a combinatorial framework for discrete, finite, and irreversibly aggregating systems has emerged. This work reviews its progress, practical applications, and limitations. We outline the approach's assumptions and foundations, based on direct enumeration of system states, contrasting with classical Smoluchowski and Marcus-Lushnikov methods. Using the constant kernel as an example, we derive combinatorial expressions for the average number of clusters of a given size and their standard deviation, and present the complete probability distribution for cluster counts. The method is then extended to several kernels (additive, product, linear-chain, condensation) by explicitly enumerating ways to form clusters of a given size. For general kernels, approximate solutions are obtained via recursive expressions, enabling predictions without explicit solutions. Applications to aerosol growth and planetesimal formation are demonstrated, with comparisons to numerical results. We summarize issues of validity and precision and propose open problems. The appendix includes partial Bell polynomials, generating functions, Lagrange inversion, potential applications, and links between combinatorial and scaling solutions of the Smoluchowski equation.
title A mini-review on combinatorial solutions to the Marcus-Lushnikov irreversible aggregation
topic Statistical Mechanics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Soft Condensed Matter
Mathematical Physics
Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11459