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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11971 |
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| author | Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Knutson, Heather A. Saidel, Morgan Greklek-McKeon, Michael Levine, W. Garrett Saunders, Nicholas Isaacson, Howard Hu, Renyu Collins, Karen A. Ciardi, David R. Budnikova, Polina A. Cheryasov, Dmitry V. Yee, Samuel W. Souto, Diogo Behmard, Aida Fukui, Akihiko Shporer, Avi Khandelwal, Akanksha Massey, Bob Demory, Brice-Oliver Clark, Catherine A. Stockdale, Chris Gilbert, Emily A. Palle, Enric Wilkin, Francis P. Murgas, Felipe Lang, Francis Zong Plauchu-Frayn, Ilse Christiansen, Jessie L. Jenkins, Jon M. Twicken, Joseph D. Horne, Keith Gillon, Michaël Lendl, Monika Lund, Michael B. Narita, Norio Rowden, Pam Sefako, Ramotholo Schwarz, Richard P. Giacalone, Steven Schroffenegger, Urs Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo |
| author_facet | Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Knutson, Heather A. Saidel, Morgan Greklek-McKeon, Michael Levine, W. Garrett Saunders, Nicholas Isaacson, Howard Hu, Renyu Collins, Karen A. Ciardi, David R. Budnikova, Polina A. Cheryasov, Dmitry V. Yee, Samuel W. Souto, Diogo Behmard, Aida Fukui, Akihiko Shporer, Avi Khandelwal, Akanksha Massey, Bob Demory, Brice-Oliver Clark, Catherine A. Stockdale, Chris Gilbert, Emily A. Palle, Enric Wilkin, Francis P. Murgas, Felipe Lang, Francis Zong Plauchu-Frayn, Ilse Christiansen, Jessie L. Jenkins, Jon M. Twicken, Joseph D. Horne, Keith Gillon, Michaël Lendl, Monika Lund, Michael B. Narita, Norio Rowden, Pam Sefako, Ramotholo Schwarz, Richard P. Giacalone, Steven Schroffenegger, Urs Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo |
| contents | Earth-sized planets transiting M dwarf stars present one of the best opportunities with current facilities for studying the atmospheric and bulk compositions of terrestrial worlds. Here, we statistically validate five new transiting Earth and super-Earth sized planets orbiting M dwarf stars using a combination of light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, multi-color observations from Palomar and Las Cumbres Observatory, high-resolution imaging, and stellar spectroscopy. The sample includes: TOI-5716 b, an Earth-sized planet (R_p = 0.96 $\pm$ 0.05 Rearth) with a 6.766-day orbit around a metal-poor thin-disk star ([Fe/H] = -0.54 $\pm$ 0.10); TOI-5728 b, a super-Earth (R_p = 1.31 $\pm$ 0.05 Rearth) on an 11.497-day orbit; and TOI-5736 b, a larger planet (R_p = 1.56 $\pm$ 0.07 Rearth) with an ultra-short period of just 0.649 days. We also statistically validate a multi-planet system, TOI-5489, hosting two similarly-sized super-Earths: TOI-5489 b (R_p = 1.40 $\pm$ 0.05 R_earth) and TOI-5489 c (R_p = 1.28 $\pm$ 0.07 R_earth) with orbital periods of 3.152 and 4.921 days, respectively. Due to their longer orbital periods, TOI-5716 b and TOI-5728 b both have equilibrium temperatures $\leq$ 400 K, making them useful test cases for studies of atmospheric mass loss. If TOI-5728 b is confirmed to have an Earth-like bulk composition, it would join the very small sample of rocky planets orbiting mid- to late-M dwarfs that lie below the cosmic shoreline and therefore may have retained high mean molecular weight atmospheres. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_11971 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | From Earths to Super-Earths: Five New Small Planets Transiting M Dwarf Stars Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Knutson, Heather A. Saidel, Morgan Greklek-McKeon, Michael Levine, W. Garrett Saunders, Nicholas Isaacson, Howard Hu, Renyu Collins, Karen A. Ciardi, David R. Budnikova, Polina A. Cheryasov, Dmitry V. Yee, Samuel W. Souto, Diogo Behmard, Aida Fukui, Akihiko Shporer, Avi Khandelwal, Akanksha Massey, Bob Demory, Brice-Oliver Clark, Catherine A. Stockdale, Chris Gilbert, Emily A. Palle, Enric Wilkin, Francis P. Murgas, Felipe Lang, Francis Zong Plauchu-Frayn, Ilse Christiansen, Jessie L. Jenkins, Jon M. Twicken, Joseph D. Horne, Keith Gillon, Michaël Lendl, Monika Lund, Michael B. Narita, Norio Rowden, Pam Sefako, Ramotholo Schwarz, Richard P. Giacalone, Steven Schroffenegger, Urs Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Earth-sized planets transiting M dwarf stars present one of the best opportunities with current facilities for studying the atmospheric and bulk compositions of terrestrial worlds. Here, we statistically validate five new transiting Earth and super-Earth sized planets orbiting M dwarf stars using a combination of light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, multi-color observations from Palomar and Las Cumbres Observatory, high-resolution imaging, and stellar spectroscopy. The sample includes: TOI-5716 b, an Earth-sized planet (R_p = 0.96 $\pm$ 0.05 Rearth) with a 6.766-day orbit around a metal-poor thin-disk star ([Fe/H] = -0.54 $\pm$ 0.10); TOI-5728 b, a super-Earth (R_p = 1.31 $\pm$ 0.05 Rearth) on an 11.497-day orbit; and TOI-5736 b, a larger planet (R_p = 1.56 $\pm$ 0.07 Rearth) with an ultra-short period of just 0.649 days. We also statistically validate a multi-planet system, TOI-5489, hosting two similarly-sized super-Earths: TOI-5489 b (R_p = 1.40 $\pm$ 0.05 R_earth) and TOI-5489 c (R_p = 1.28 $\pm$ 0.07 R_earth) with orbital periods of 3.152 and 4.921 days, respectively. Due to their longer orbital periods, TOI-5716 b and TOI-5728 b both have equilibrium temperatures $\leq$ 400 K, making them useful test cases for studies of atmospheric mass loss. If TOI-5728 b is confirmed to have an Earth-like bulk composition, it would join the very small sample of rocky planets orbiting mid- to late-M dwarfs that lie below the cosmic shoreline and therefore may have retained high mean molecular weight atmospheres. |
| title | From Earths to Super-Earths: Five New Small Planets Transiting M Dwarf Stars |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11971 |