JWST/NIRSpec Detects Warm CO Emission in the Terrestrial-Planet Zone of HD 131488

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lu, Cicero X., Rebollido, Isabel, Brittain, Sean, Beck, Tracy, Chen, Christine H., Worthen, Kadin, Najita, Joan, Xie, Chen, Brennan, Aoife, Moro-Martin, Amaya, Debes, John, France, Kevin, Matrà, Luca, Perrin, Marshall, Roberge, Aki
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lu, Cicero X.
Rebollido, Isabel
Brittain, Sean
Beck, Tracy
Chen, Christine H.
Worthen, Kadin
Najita, Joan
Xie, Chen
Brennan, Aoife
Moro-Martin, Amaya
Debes, John
France, Kevin
Matrà, Luca
Perrin, Marshall
Roberge, Aki
author_facet Lu, Cicero X.
Rebollido, Isabel
Brittain, Sean
Beck, Tracy
Chen, Christine H.
Worthen, Kadin
Najita, Joan
Xie, Chen
Brennan, Aoife
Moro-Martin, Amaya
Debes, John
France, Kevin
Matrà, Luca
Perrin, Marshall
Roberge, Aki
contents We have obtained a high-resolution, JWST NIRSpec $2.87$ -- $5.14$ $μ$m spectrum of the debris disk around HD 131488. We discover CO fundamental emission indicating the presence of warm fluorescent gas within $\sim10$ AU of the star. The large discrepancy in CO's vibrational and rotational temperature indicates that CO is out of thermal equilibrium and is excited with UV fluorescence. Our UV fluorescence model gives a best fit of $1150\,$K with an effective temperature of $450$, $332$, and $125\,$K for the warm CO gas kinetic temperature within $0.5$, $1$, and $10\,$AU to the star and a gas vibrational temperature of $8800\,$K. The newly discovered warm CO gas population likely resides between sub-AU scales and $\sim\,10\,$AU, interior to the cold CO reservoir detected beyond $35\,$AU with HST STIS and ALMA. The discovery of warm, fluorescent gas in a debris disk is the first such detection ever made. The detection of warm CO raises the possibility of unseen molecules (H$_2$O, H$_2$, etc) as collisional partners to excite the warm gas. We estimated a lower mass limit for CO of $1.25\times 10^{-7}\text{M}_{\oplus}$, which is $10^{-5}$ of the cold CO mass detected with ALMA and HST. We demonstrate that UV fluorescence emerges as a promising avenue for detecting tenuous gas at $10^{-7}$ Earth-mass level in debris disks with JWST.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_11972
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle JWST/NIRSpec Detects Warm CO Emission in the Terrestrial-Planet Zone of HD 131488
Lu, Cicero X.
Rebollido, Isabel
Brittain, Sean
Beck, Tracy
Chen, Christine H.
Worthen, Kadin
Najita, Joan
Xie, Chen
Brennan, Aoife
Moro-Martin, Amaya
Debes, John
France, Kevin
Matrà, Luca
Perrin, Marshall
Roberge, Aki
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We have obtained a high-resolution, JWST NIRSpec $2.87$ -- $5.14$ $μ$m spectrum of the debris disk around HD 131488. We discover CO fundamental emission indicating the presence of warm fluorescent gas within $\sim10$ AU of the star. The large discrepancy in CO's vibrational and rotational temperature indicates that CO is out of thermal equilibrium and is excited with UV fluorescence. Our UV fluorescence model gives a best fit of $1150\,$K with an effective temperature of $450$, $332$, and $125\,$K for the warm CO gas kinetic temperature within $0.5$, $1$, and $10\,$AU to the star and a gas vibrational temperature of $8800\,$K. The newly discovered warm CO gas population likely resides between sub-AU scales and $\sim\,10\,$AU, interior to the cold CO reservoir detected beyond $35\,$AU with HST STIS and ALMA. The discovery of warm, fluorescent gas in a debris disk is the first such detection ever made. The detection of warm CO raises the possibility of unseen molecules (H$_2$O, H$_2$, etc) as collisional partners to excite the warm gas. We estimated a lower mass limit for CO of $1.25\times 10^{-7}\text{M}_{\oplus}$, which is $10^{-5}$ of the cold CO mass detected with ALMA and HST. We demonstrate that UV fluorescence emerges as a promising avenue for detecting tenuous gas at $10^{-7}$ Earth-mass level in debris disks with JWST.
title JWST/NIRSpec Detects Warm CO Emission in the Terrestrial-Planet Zone of HD 131488
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11972