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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12629 |
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| _version_ | 1866918368415580160 |
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| author | Yu, Hao-Ran Chen, Bing-Hang Xu, Kun Sheng, Ming-Jie Han, Jiaxin Jing, Yipeng Cui, Huahua |
| author_facet | Yu, Hao-Ran Chen, Bing-Hang Xu, Kun Sheng, Ming-Jie Han, Jiaxin Jing, Yipeng Cui, Huahua |
| contents | $N$-body simulation serves as a critical method for modeling cosmic evolution and poses a significant challenge in high-performance computing. We present CUBE2, an open-source cosmological $N$-body code emphasizing memory efficiency, computational performance, scalability and precision. The core of its algorithm utilizes multi-level Particle-Mesh (PM) method to solve the Poisson equation for matter distribution, leveraging the well-optimized Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for computational efficiency. Precision is ensured by the optimized Green's function that seamlessly bridges gravitational interactions between multi-level PM and Particle-Particle (PP) calculations. The program design enhances per-core/node efficiency in processing $N$-body particles, while the Information Optimized Storage (IOS) addresses memory constraints for large particle counts. Using CUBE2, we run two cosmological simulations with particle counts of $6144^3$ on the Advanced Computing East China Sub-center (ACECS) to test performance and accuracy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_12629 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | CUBE2: A Parallel $N$-Body Simulation Code for Scalability, Accuracy, and Memory Efficiency Yu, Hao-Ran Chen, Bing-Hang Xu, Kun Sheng, Ming-Jie Han, Jiaxin Jing, Yipeng Cui, Huahua Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics $N$-body simulation serves as a critical method for modeling cosmic evolution and poses a significant challenge in high-performance computing. We present CUBE2, an open-source cosmological $N$-body code emphasizing memory efficiency, computational performance, scalability and precision. The core of its algorithm utilizes multi-level Particle-Mesh (PM) method to solve the Poisson equation for matter distribution, leveraging the well-optimized Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for computational efficiency. Precision is ensured by the optimized Green's function that seamlessly bridges gravitational interactions between multi-level PM and Particle-Particle (PP) calculations. The program design enhances per-core/node efficiency in processing $N$-body particles, while the Information Optimized Storage (IOS) addresses memory constraints for large particle counts. Using CUBE2, we run two cosmological simulations with particle counts of $6144^3$ on the Advanced Computing East China Sub-center (ACECS) to test performance and accuracy. |
| title | CUBE2: A Parallel $N$-Body Simulation Code for Scalability, Accuracy, and Memory Efficiency |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12629 |