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Super-Eddington Accretion Geometry: a Remarkable Stability of the Hidden Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Cygnus X-3

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Mikušincová, Romana, Veledina, Alexandra, Muleri, Fabio, Ciancarella, Raul, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Green, David A., McCollough, Michael, Krawczynski, Henric, Steiner, James F., Dovčiak, Michal, Ahlberg, Varpu, Bianchi, Stefano, Di Marco, Alessandro, García, Javier A., Ingram, Adam, Kaaret, Philip, Kallman, Timothy, Kun, Hu, La Monaca, Fabio, Lange, Alexander, Loktev, Vladislav, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, Matt, Giorgio, Emami, Razieh, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Podgorný, Jakub, Poutanen, Juri, Ratheesh, Ajay, Rodriguez, Nicole, Svoboda, Jiří, Tombesi, Francesco, Ursini, Francesco, Agudo, Iván, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Negro, Michela, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, Zane, Silvia
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866908711619919872
author	Mikušincová, Romana Veledina, Alexandra Muleri, Fabio Ciancarella, Raul Zdziarski, Andrzej Green, David A. McCollough, Michael Krawczynski, Henric Steiner, James F. Dovčiak, Michal Ahlberg, Varpu Bianchi, Stefano Di Marco, Alessandro García, Javier A. Ingram, Adam Kaaret, Philip Kallman, Timothy Kun, Hu La Monaca, Fabio Lange, Alexander Loktev, Vladislav Mastroserio, Guglielmo Matt, Giorgio Emami, Razieh Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Podgorný, Jakub Poutanen, Juri Ratheesh, Ajay Rodriguez, Nicole Svoboda, Jiří Tombesi, Francesco Ursini, Francesco Agudo, Iván Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Gesu, Laura Di Lalla, Niccolò Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Jorstad, Svetlana G. Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Latronico, Luca Liodakis, Ioannis Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Marscher, Alan P. Marshall, Herman L. Massaro, Francesco Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Roberts, Oliver J. Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia
author_facet	Mikušincová, Romana Veledina, Alexandra Muleri, Fabio Ciancarella, Raul Zdziarski, Andrzej Green, David A. McCollough, Michael Krawczynski, Henric Steiner, James F. Dovčiak, Michal Ahlberg, Varpu Bianchi, Stefano Di Marco, Alessandro García, Javier A. Ingram, Adam Kaaret, Philip Kallman, Timothy Kun, Hu La Monaca, Fabio Lange, Alexander Loktev, Vladislav Mastroserio, Guglielmo Matt, Giorgio Emami, Razieh Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Podgorný, Jakub Poutanen, Juri Ratheesh, Ajay Rodriguez, Nicole Svoboda, Jiří Tombesi, Francesco Ursini, Francesco Agudo, Iván Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Gesu, Laura Di Lalla, Niccolò Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Jorstad, Svetlana G. Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Latronico, Luca Liodakis, Ioannis Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Marscher, Alan P. Marshall, Herman L. Massaro, Francesco Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Roberts, Oliver J. Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia
contents	We report on the average and orbital phase-resolved polarization of Cyg X-3 in the hard state during the 2023 Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observational campaign. We find the polarization degree of $ 21.2 \pm 0.4 \% $ and polarization angle of $ 92.2 \pm 0.5^\circ $, well compatible with the first hard-state IXPE observation in 2022. As the observed polarization depends on both the accretion geometry and the X-ray emission mechanism, which we attribute to reflection from the optically thick envelope surrounding the central source, our result indicates that both are very stable on year-long timescale. We discuss time- and energy-dependent polarization properties and their implications for the geometry and stability of the accretion funnel.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_12879
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Super-Eddington Accretion Geometry: a Remarkable Stability of the Hidden Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Cygnus X-3 Mikušincová, Romana Veledina, Alexandra Muleri, Fabio Ciancarella, Raul Zdziarski, Andrzej Green, David A. McCollough, Michael Krawczynski, Henric Steiner, James F. Dovčiak, Michal Ahlberg, Varpu Bianchi, Stefano Di Marco, Alessandro García, Javier A. Ingram, Adam Kaaret, Philip Kallman, Timothy Kun, Hu La Monaca, Fabio Lange, Alexander Loktev, Vladislav Mastroserio, Guglielmo Matt, Giorgio Emami, Razieh Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Podgorný, Jakub Poutanen, Juri Ratheesh, Ajay Rodriguez, Nicole Svoboda, Jiří Tombesi, Francesco Ursini, Francesco Agudo, Iván Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bongiorno, Stephen D. Bonino, Raffaella Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano Costa, Enrico De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Gesu, Laura Di Lalla, Niccolò Donnarumma, Immacolata Doroshenko, Victor Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Jorstad, Svetlana G. Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Latronico, Luca Liodakis, Ioannis Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Marscher, Alan P. Marshall, Herman L. Massaro, Francesco Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Mizuno, Tsunefumi Negro, Michela Ng, Chi-Yung O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Puccetti, Simonetta Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Roberts, Oliver J. Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Soffitta, Paolo Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Douglas A. Tamagawa, Toru Tavecchio, Fabrizio Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We report on the average and orbital phase-resolved polarization of Cyg X-3 in the hard state during the 2023 Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observational campaign. We find the polarization degree of $ 21.2 \pm 0.4 \% $ and polarization angle of $ 92.2 \pm 0.5^\circ $, well compatible with the first hard-state IXPE observation in 2022. As the observed polarization depends on both the accretion geometry and the X-ray emission mechanism, which we attribute to reflection from the optically thick envelope surrounding the central source, our result indicates that both are very stable on year-long timescale. We discuss time- and energy-dependent polarization properties and their implications for the geometry and stability of the accretion funnel.
title	Super-Eddington Accretion Geometry: a Remarkable Stability of the Hidden Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Cygnus X-3
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.12879