Socratic Students: Teaching Language Models to Learn by Asking Questions

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Ambati, Rajeev Bhatt, Niu, Tianyi, Singh, Aashu, Mishra, Shlok, Chaturvedi, Snigdha, Srivastava, Shashank
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Ambati, Rajeev Bhatt
Niu, Tianyi
Singh, Aashu
Mishra, Shlok
Chaturvedi, Snigdha
Srivastava, Shashank
author_facet Ambati, Rajeev Bhatt
Niu, Tianyi
Singh, Aashu
Mishra, Shlok
Chaturvedi, Snigdha
Srivastava, Shashank
contents Large language Models (LLMs) are usually used to answer questions, but many high-stakes applications (e.g., tutoring, clinical support) require the complementary skill of asking questions: detecting missing information, requesting clarifications, and using them to solve tasks. We study this skill in reasoning-heavy domains where progress depends on inquiry rather than factual recall. We define an interactive protocol where a student model engages a stronger teacher under a small turn budget. After each teacher reply, we evaluate the student on the original task with Pass@k. We propose Outcome-Driven Question optimization Strategy (ODQS ), a training framework that learns a questioning policy from downstream task outcomes. At each turn, we sample multiple candidate questions; query the teacher with each, then score the student's resulting performance. Using these scores, we train the student via supervised fine-tuning followed by Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), without any human labels. On GSM8K, HumanEval, and OpenCoder, ODQS produces large gains over interactive baselines, boosting Pass@5 by up to 54.7% (absolute) on math and 22.9% (absolute) on coding, and matching baseline performance in three fewer turns. Thus, question asking can be explicitly trained from task outcomes, improving both accuracy and efficiency in interactive reasoning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13102
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Socratic Students: Teaching Language Models to Learn by Asking Questions
Ambati, Rajeev Bhatt
Niu, Tianyi
Singh, Aashu
Mishra, Shlok
Chaturvedi, Snigdha
Srivastava, Shashank
Artificial Intelligence
Large language Models (LLMs) are usually used to answer questions, but many high-stakes applications (e.g., tutoring, clinical support) require the complementary skill of asking questions: detecting missing information, requesting clarifications, and using them to solve tasks. We study this skill in reasoning-heavy domains where progress depends on inquiry rather than factual recall. We define an interactive protocol where a student model engages a stronger teacher under a small turn budget. After each teacher reply, we evaluate the student on the original task with Pass@k. We propose Outcome-Driven Question optimization Strategy (ODQS ), a training framework that learns a questioning policy from downstream task outcomes. At each turn, we sample multiple candidate questions; query the teacher with each, then score the student's resulting performance. Using these scores, we train the student via supervised fine-tuning followed by Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), without any human labels. On GSM8K, HumanEval, and OpenCoder, ODQS produces large gains over interactive baselines, boosting Pass@5 by up to 54.7% (absolute) on math and 22.9% (absolute) on coding, and matching baseline performance in three fewer turns. Thus, question asking can be explicitly trained from task outcomes, improving both accuracy and efficiency in interactive reasoning.
title Socratic Students: Teaching Language Models to Learn by Asking Questions
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13102