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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13146 |
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| _version_ | 1866909962967449600 |
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| author | Yang, Ruyu Sun, Xiaoming Zhou, Hongyi |
| author_facet | Yang, Ruyu Sun, Xiaoming Zhou, Hongyi |
| contents | Shadow estimation provides an efficient framework for estimating observable expectation values using randomized measurements. While originally developed for discrete-variable systems, its recent extensions to continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems face practical limitations due to idealized assumptions of continuous phase modulation and infinite measurement resolution. In this work, we develop a practical shadow estimation protocol for CV systems using discretized homodyne detection with a finite number of phase settings and quadrature bins. We construct an unbiased estimator for the quantum state and establish both sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for informational completeness within a truncated Fock space up to $n_{\mathrm{max}}$ photons. We further provide a comprehensive variance analysis, showing that the shadow norm scales as $\mathcal{O}(n_{\mathrm{max}}^4)$, improving upon previous $\mathcal{O}(n_{\mathrm{max}}^{13/3})$ bounds. Our work bridges the gap between theoretical shadow estimation and experimental implementations, enabling robust and scalable quantum state characterization in realistic CV systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13146 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Practical Homodyne Shadow Estimation Yang, Ruyu Sun, Xiaoming Zhou, Hongyi Quantum Physics Shadow estimation provides an efficient framework for estimating observable expectation values using randomized measurements. While originally developed for discrete-variable systems, its recent extensions to continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems face practical limitations due to idealized assumptions of continuous phase modulation and infinite measurement resolution. In this work, we develop a practical shadow estimation protocol for CV systems using discretized homodyne detection with a finite number of phase settings and quadrature bins. We construct an unbiased estimator for the quantum state and establish both sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for informational completeness within a truncated Fock space up to $n_{\mathrm{max}}$ photons. We further provide a comprehensive variance analysis, showing that the shadow norm scales as $\mathcal{O}(n_{\mathrm{max}}^4)$, improving upon previous $\mathcal{O}(n_{\mathrm{max}}^{13/3})$ bounds. Our work bridges the gap between theoretical shadow estimation and experimental implementations, enabling robust and scalable quantum state characterization in realistic CV systems. |
| title | Practical Homodyne Shadow Estimation |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13146 |