Super-resolving Herschel - a deep learning based deconvolution and denoising technique

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Koopmans, Dennis, Wang, Lingyu, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, La Marca, Antonio, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bisigello, Laura, Gao, Zhen-Kai, Lagos, Claudia del P., Lauritsen, Lynge, Serjeant, Stephen, van der Tak, F. F. S., Wang, Wei-Hao
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Koopmans, Dennis
Wang, Lingyu
Margalef-Bentabol, Berta
La Marca, Antonio
Bethermin, Matthieu
Bisigello, Laura
Gao, Zhen-Kai
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Lauritsen, Lynge
Serjeant, Stephen
van der Tak, F. F. S.
Wang, Wei-Hao
author_facet Koopmans, Dennis
Wang, Lingyu
Margalef-Bentabol, Berta
La Marca, Antonio
Bethermin, Matthieu
Bisigello, Laura
Gao, Zhen-Kai
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Lauritsen, Lynge
Serjeant, Stephen
van der Tak, F. F. S.
Wang, Wei-Hao
contents Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) dominate the far-infrared and sub-millimetre number counts, but single-dish surveys suffer from poor angular resolution, complicating mult-wavelength counterpart identification. Prior-driven deblending techniques require extensive fine-tuning and struggle to process large fields. This work aims to develop a fast, reliable deep-learning based deconvolution and denoising super-resolution (SR) technique. We employ a transformer neural network to improve the resolution of Herschel/SPIRE 500 $μ$m observations by a factor 4.5, using Spitzer/MIPS 24$μ$m and Herschel/SPIRE 250, 350, 500$μ$m images. Trained on SIDES and SHARK simulations, we injected instrumental noise into the input simulated images, while keeping the target images noise-free to enhance de-noising capabilities of our method. We evaluated the performance on simulated test sets and real JCMT/SCUBA-2 450 $μ$m observations in the COSMOS field which have superior resolution compared to Herschel. Our SR method achieves an inference time of $1s/deg^2$ on consumer GPUs, much faster than traditional deblending techniques. Using the simulation test sets, we show that fluxes of the extracted sources from the super-resolved image are accurate to within 5% for sources with an intrinsic flux $\gtrsim$ 8 mJy, which is a substantial improvement compared to blind extraction on the native images. Astrometric error is low ($\lesssim$ 1" vs 12" pixel scale). Reliability is $\gtrsim$ 90% for sources $>$3 mJy and $>$90% of sources with intrinsic fluxes $\gtrsim5$ mJy are recovered. Applied to real 500 $μ$m observations, fluxes of the extracted sources from the super-resolved map agree well with SCUBA-2 measured fluxes for sources $\geq$10 mJy. Our technique enables SR over hundreds of $deg^2$ without the need for fine-tuning, facilitating statistical analysis of DSFGs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13353
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Super-resolving Herschel - a deep learning based deconvolution and denoising technique
Koopmans, Dennis
Wang, Lingyu
Margalef-Bentabol, Berta
La Marca, Antonio
Bethermin, Matthieu
Bisigello, Laura
Gao, Zhen-Kai
Lagos, Claudia del P.
Lauritsen, Lynge
Serjeant, Stephen
van der Tak, F. F. S.
Wang, Wei-Hao
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) dominate the far-infrared and sub-millimetre number counts, but single-dish surveys suffer from poor angular resolution, complicating mult-wavelength counterpart identification. Prior-driven deblending techniques require extensive fine-tuning and struggle to process large fields. This work aims to develop a fast, reliable deep-learning based deconvolution and denoising super-resolution (SR) technique. We employ a transformer neural network to improve the resolution of Herschel/SPIRE 500 $μ$m observations by a factor 4.5, using Spitzer/MIPS 24$μ$m and Herschel/SPIRE 250, 350, 500$μ$m images. Trained on SIDES and SHARK simulations, we injected instrumental noise into the input simulated images, while keeping the target images noise-free to enhance de-noising capabilities of our method. We evaluated the performance on simulated test sets and real JCMT/SCUBA-2 450 $μ$m observations in the COSMOS field which have superior resolution compared to Herschel. Our SR method achieves an inference time of $1s/deg^2$ on consumer GPUs, much faster than traditional deblending techniques. Using the simulation test sets, we show that fluxes of the extracted sources from the super-resolved image are accurate to within 5% for sources with an intrinsic flux $\gtrsim$ 8 mJy, which is a substantial improvement compared to blind extraction on the native images. Astrometric error is low ($\lesssim$ 1" vs 12" pixel scale). Reliability is $\gtrsim$ 90% for sources $>$3 mJy and $>$90% of sources with intrinsic fluxes $\gtrsim5$ mJy are recovered. Applied to real 500 $μ$m observations, fluxes of the extracted sources from the super-resolved map agree well with SCUBA-2 measured fluxes for sources $\geq$10 mJy. Our technique enables SR over hundreds of $deg^2$ without the need for fine-tuning, facilitating statistical analysis of DSFGs.
title Super-resolving Herschel - a deep learning based deconvolution and denoising technique
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13353