RoboTracer: Mastering Spatial Trace with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Robotics

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Hauptverfasser: Zhou, Enshen, Chi, Cheng, Li, Yibo, An, Jingkun, Zhang, Jiayuan, Rong, Shanyu, Han, Yi, Ji, Yuheng, Liu, Mengzhen, Wang, Pengwei, Wang, Zhongyuan, Sheng, Lu, Zhang, Shanghang
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Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Zhou, Enshen
Chi, Cheng
Li, Yibo
An, Jingkun
Zhang, Jiayuan
Rong, Shanyu
Han, Yi
Ji, Yuheng
Liu, Mengzhen
Wang, Pengwei
Wang, Zhongyuan
Sheng, Lu
Zhang, Shanghang
author_facet Zhou, Enshen
Chi, Cheng
Li, Yibo
An, Jingkun
Zhang, Jiayuan
Rong, Shanyu
Han, Yi
Ji, Yuheng
Liu, Mengzhen
Wang, Pengwei
Wang, Zhongyuan
Sheng, Lu
Zhang, Shanghang
contents Spatial tracing, as a fundamental embodied interaction ability for robots, is inherently challenging as it requires multi-step metric-grounded reasoning compounded with complex spatial referring and real-world metric measurement. However, existing methods struggle with this compositional task. To this end, we propose RoboTracer, a 3D-aware VLM that first achieves both 3D spatial referring and measuring via a universal spatial encoder and a regression-supervised decoder to enhance scale awareness during supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Moreover, RoboTracer advances multi-step metric-grounded reasoning via reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) with metric-sensitive process rewards, supervising key intermediate perceptual cues to accurately generate spatial traces. To support SFT and RFT training, we introduce TraceSpatial, a large-scale dataset of 30M QA pairs, spanning outdoor/indoor/tabletop scenes and supporting complex reasoning processes (up to 9 steps). We further present TraceSpatial-Bench, a challenging benchmark filling the gap to evaluate spatial tracing. Experimental results show that RoboTracer surpasses baselines in spatial understanding, measuring, and referring, with an average success rate of 79.1%, and also achieves SOTA performance on TraceSpatial-Bench by a large margin, exceeding Gemini-2.5-Pro by 36% accuracy. Notably, RoboTracer can be integrated with various control policies to execute long-horizon, dynamic tasks across diverse robots (UR5, G1 humanoid) in cluttered real-world scenes. See the project page at https://zhoues.github.io/RoboTracer.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13660
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RoboTracer: Mastering Spatial Trace with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Robotics
Zhou, Enshen
Chi, Cheng
Li, Yibo
An, Jingkun
Zhang, Jiayuan
Rong, Shanyu
Han, Yi
Ji, Yuheng
Liu, Mengzhen
Wang, Pengwei
Wang, Zhongyuan
Sheng, Lu
Zhang, Shanghang
Robotics
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Spatial tracing, as a fundamental embodied interaction ability for robots, is inherently challenging as it requires multi-step metric-grounded reasoning compounded with complex spatial referring and real-world metric measurement. However, existing methods struggle with this compositional task. To this end, we propose RoboTracer, a 3D-aware VLM that first achieves both 3D spatial referring and measuring via a universal spatial encoder and a regression-supervised decoder to enhance scale awareness during supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Moreover, RoboTracer advances multi-step metric-grounded reasoning via reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) with metric-sensitive process rewards, supervising key intermediate perceptual cues to accurately generate spatial traces. To support SFT and RFT training, we introduce TraceSpatial, a large-scale dataset of 30M QA pairs, spanning outdoor/indoor/tabletop scenes and supporting complex reasoning processes (up to 9 steps). We further present TraceSpatial-Bench, a challenging benchmark filling the gap to evaluate spatial tracing. Experimental results show that RoboTracer surpasses baselines in spatial understanding, measuring, and referring, with an average success rate of 79.1%, and also achieves SOTA performance on TraceSpatial-Bench by a large margin, exceeding Gemini-2.5-Pro by 36% accuracy. Notably, RoboTracer can be integrated with various control policies to execute long-horizon, dynamic tasks across diverse robots (UR5, G1 humanoid) in cluttered real-world scenes. See the project page at https://zhoues.github.io/RoboTracer.
title RoboTracer: Mastering Spatial Trace with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Robotics
topic Robotics
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13660