An Improved Inverse Method for Estimating Disease Transmission Rates in Low-Prevalence Epidemics

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jing, Shuanglin, Huang, Yuting, Huo, Hai-Feng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Jing, Shuanglin
Huang, Yuting
Huo, Hai-Feng
author_facet Jing, Shuanglin
Huang, Yuting
Huo, Hai-Feng
contents The accurate estimation of time-varying transmission rates is fundamental for understanding infectious disease dynamics and implementing effective public health interventions. To this end, we propose an improved inverse method for estimating time-varying transmission rates in low-prevalence settings, where conventional data preprocessing approaches often fail due to sparse case observations. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce an exponential B-spline interpolation approach that integrates both continuous and discrete inverse methods. This method ensures that transmission rate estimates remain non-negative and smooth, even when the observed data exhibit low cases. We apply this approach to several infectious disease models using real-world data from China, including a scarlet fever model, a multi-strain influenza model, and an age-structured influenza model. The results show that our method provides accurate transmission rate estimates, particularly in low-prevalence infectious diseases and multi-group epidemic models, demonstrating its robustness and applicability across various epidemiological contexts. The improved inverse method offers a new perspective for epidemiological modeling and provides reliable technical support for related theoretical exploration and public health decision-making.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13759
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Improved Inverse Method for Estimating Disease Transmission Rates in Low-Prevalence Epidemics
Jing, Shuanglin
Huang, Yuting
Huo, Hai-Feng
Populations and Evolution
92B99
The accurate estimation of time-varying transmission rates is fundamental for understanding infectious disease dynamics and implementing effective public health interventions. To this end, we propose an improved inverse method for estimating time-varying transmission rates in low-prevalence settings, where conventional data preprocessing approaches often fail due to sparse case observations. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce an exponential B-spline interpolation approach that integrates both continuous and discrete inverse methods. This method ensures that transmission rate estimates remain non-negative and smooth, even when the observed data exhibit low cases. We apply this approach to several infectious disease models using real-world data from China, including a scarlet fever model, a multi-strain influenza model, and an age-structured influenza model. The results show that our method provides accurate transmission rate estimates, particularly in low-prevalence infectious diseases and multi-group epidemic models, demonstrating its robustness and applicability across various epidemiological contexts. The improved inverse method offers a new perspective for epidemiological modeling and provides reliable technical support for related theoretical exploration and public health decision-making.
title An Improved Inverse Method for Estimating Disease Transmission Rates in Low-Prevalence Epidemics
topic Populations and Evolution
92B99
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13759