Microwave-free vector magnetometry and crystal orientation determination with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers using Bayesian inference

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Espinós, Hilario, Dhungel, Omkar, Wickenbrock, Arne, Budker, Dmitry, Puebla, Ricardo, Torrontegui, Erik
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Espinós, Hilario
Dhungel, Omkar
Wickenbrock, Arne
Budker, Dmitry
Puebla, Ricardo
Torrontegui, Erik
author_facet Espinós, Hilario
Dhungel, Omkar
Wickenbrock, Arne
Budker, Dmitry
Puebla, Ricardo
Torrontegui, Erik
contents Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond provide a solid-state platform for quantum sensing. While optically detected magnetic resonance techniques offer high sensitivity, their reliance on microwaves introduces heating and stray electromagnetic fields that can perturb nearby samples. Optical approaches based on cross-relaxation between differently oriented NV centers remove this constraint but have so far required stringent alignment of the external field with crystallographic axes, restricting their practicality. Here we introduce a general framework for microwave-free vector magnetometry at near-zero field that leverages Bayesian inference to extract both the magnetic field vector and the NV orientation directly from photoluminescence maps. An analytical model of cross-relaxation resonances enables efficient inference under arbitrary field and orientation configurations, while naturally incorporating the discrete degeneracies of the NV symmetry. We experimentally demonstrate robust orientation determination and vector-field reconstruction, establishing a general route toward compact and alignment-free NV magnetometers for practical sensing applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13835
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Microwave-free vector magnetometry and crystal orientation determination with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers using Bayesian inference
Espinós, Hilario
Dhungel, Omkar
Wickenbrock, Arne
Budker, Dmitry
Puebla, Ricardo
Torrontegui, Erik
Quantum Physics
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond provide a solid-state platform for quantum sensing. While optically detected magnetic resonance techniques offer high sensitivity, their reliance on microwaves introduces heating and stray electromagnetic fields that can perturb nearby samples. Optical approaches based on cross-relaxation between differently oriented NV centers remove this constraint but have so far required stringent alignment of the external field with crystallographic axes, restricting their practicality. Here we introduce a general framework for microwave-free vector magnetometry at near-zero field that leverages Bayesian inference to extract both the magnetic field vector and the NV orientation directly from photoluminescence maps. An analytical model of cross-relaxation resonances enables efficient inference under arbitrary field and orientation configurations, while naturally incorporating the discrete degeneracies of the NV symmetry. We experimentally demonstrate robust orientation determination and vector-field reconstruction, establishing a general route toward compact and alignment-free NV magnetometers for practical sensing applications.
title Microwave-free vector magnetometry and crystal orientation determination with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers using Bayesian inference
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13835