Super-Resolution Posterior Ocular Microvascular Imaging Using 3-D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy With a 32X32 Matrix Array
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Zhang, Junhang Lok, U-Wai Zhang, Jingke Huang, Chengwu Sun, Xin Chang, Chi-Feng Liu, Baoqiang Gong, Chen Zeng, Yushun Ji, Kaipeng DeRuiter, Ryan M. Yin, Jingyi Huang, Lijie Zhao, Yanzhe Liu, Ying Song, Brian Humanyun, Mark Chen, Shigao Zhou, Qifa |
| author_facet | Zhang, Junhang Lok, U-Wai Zhang, Jingke Huang, Chengwu Sun, Xin Chang, Chi-Feng Liu, Baoqiang Gong, Chen Zeng, Yushun Ji, Kaipeng DeRuiter, Ryan M. Yin, Jingyi Huang, Lijie Zhao, Yanzhe Liu, Ying Song, Brian Humanyun, Mark Chen, Shigao Zhou, Qifa |
| contents | The purpose of this study is to enable in-vivo three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) of posterior ocular microvasculature using a 256-channel system and a 1024-element matrix array, and to overcome limitations of restricted transmit angles, sound speed mismatch caused by the crystalline lens and surrounding tissues, and the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of microbubble signals. To address phase distortions from the crystalline lens, which has a higher speed of sound (SOS) than surrounding tissues, a region-dependent SOS beamforming approach was implemented to improve microbubble resolution. A 4-D non-local means filter was subsequently applied to suppress background noise and enhance microbubble contrast. The proposed method improved localization accuracy and image quality, achieving a spatial resolution of 63 um, while Fourier shell correlation (1/2-bit threshold) confirmed a global resolution of approximately 59 um. Higher mean normalized cross-correlation coefficients between the microbubbles and the system point-spread function, obtained with the proposed method (approximately 0.67), compared with those without the proposed method (approximately 0.60), indicate enhanced microbubble signal quality. Furthermore, the 3-D bi-directional vessel density and flow-velocity maps were reconstructed, capturing detailed choroidal vascular and hemodynamic patterns. These results demonstrate that region-dependent SOS beamforming combined with spatiotemporal denoising enables high-resolution posterior ocular ULM and provides a practical pathway toward quantitative 3-D assessment of retinal and choroidal microvasculature for potential clinical use. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_13966 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Super-Resolution Posterior Ocular Microvascular Imaging Using 3-D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy With a 32X32 Matrix Array Zhang, Junhang Lok, U-Wai Zhang, Jingke Huang, Chengwu Sun, Xin Chang, Chi-Feng Liu, Baoqiang Gong, Chen Zeng, Yushun Ji, Kaipeng DeRuiter, Ryan M. Yin, Jingyi Huang, Lijie Zhao, Yanzhe Liu, Ying Song, Brian Humanyun, Mark Chen, Shigao Zhou, Qifa Medical Physics Biological Physics The purpose of this study is to enable in-vivo three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) of posterior ocular microvasculature using a 256-channel system and a 1024-element matrix array, and to overcome limitations of restricted transmit angles, sound speed mismatch caused by the crystalline lens and surrounding tissues, and the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of microbubble signals. To address phase distortions from the crystalline lens, which has a higher speed of sound (SOS) than surrounding tissues, a region-dependent SOS beamforming approach was implemented to improve microbubble resolution. A 4-D non-local means filter was subsequently applied to suppress background noise and enhance microbubble contrast. The proposed method improved localization accuracy and image quality, achieving a spatial resolution of 63 um, while Fourier shell correlation (1/2-bit threshold) confirmed a global resolution of approximately 59 um. Higher mean normalized cross-correlation coefficients between the microbubbles and the system point-spread function, obtained with the proposed method (approximately 0.67), compared with those without the proposed method (approximately 0.60), indicate enhanced microbubble signal quality. Furthermore, the 3-D bi-directional vessel density and flow-velocity maps were reconstructed, capturing detailed choroidal vascular and hemodynamic patterns. These results demonstrate that region-dependent SOS beamforming combined with spatiotemporal denoising enables high-resolution posterior ocular ULM and provides a practical pathway toward quantitative 3-D assessment of retinal and choroidal microvasculature for potential clinical use. |
| title | Super-Resolution Posterior Ocular Microvascular Imaging Using 3-D Ultrasound Localization Microscopy With a 32X32 Matrix Array |
| topic | Medical Physics Biological Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13966 |