Mapping the Optical Landscape of a Squaraine Molecule in the Visible and Ultraviolet Energy Range

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Hauptverfasser: Taghizade, Narges, Schwarzl, Robert, Leinenbach, Frederik, Jeindl, Maximilian, Schumacher, Marvin F., Bardi, Brunella, Lützen, Arne, Schiek, Manuela, Hauser, Andreas W., Puschnig, Peter, Koch, Markus, Windischbacher, Andreas
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Taghizade, Narges
Schwarzl, Robert
Leinenbach, Frederik
Jeindl, Maximilian
Schumacher, Marvin F.
Bardi, Brunella
Lützen, Arne
Schiek, Manuela
Hauser, Andreas W.
Puschnig, Peter
Koch, Markus
Windischbacher, Andreas
author_facet Taghizade, Narges
Schwarzl, Robert
Leinenbach, Frederik
Jeindl, Maximilian
Schumacher, Marvin F.
Bardi, Brunella
Lützen, Arne
Schiek, Manuela
Hauser, Andreas W.
Puschnig, Peter
Koch, Markus
Windischbacher, Andreas
contents Although squaraine dyes are commonly praised as candidates for light-based applications, little is known about their excited state landscape beyond the low-energy visible light region. Our work aims for an improved understanding of the photophysical properties of squaraines at the example of N-isobutyl substituted anilino-squaraine (SQIB) by extending ground-state and excited-state absorption spectroscopy of the molecule into the ultraviolet up to 6.5~eV. In addition, we distinguish the relative transition dipole moments of the excited state absorption peaks with the help of transient absorption anisotropy experiments. To relate experimental features to specific states, we employ a set of ab initio methods including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) and n-electron valence perturbation theory on top of a self-consistent complete active space (CASSCF/NEVPT2). Our assignment is complemented by vibronic simulations and a discussion of two-photon absorption measurements. Through this joint effort, we are able to provide a consistent picture of the optical behavior of SQIB across the visible and ultraviolet light regime, and assign a total of twelve electronically excited states to our experimental data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14630
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mapping the Optical Landscape of a Squaraine Molecule in the Visible and Ultraviolet Energy Range
Taghizade, Narges
Schwarzl, Robert
Leinenbach, Frederik
Jeindl, Maximilian
Schumacher, Marvin F.
Bardi, Brunella
Lützen, Arne
Schiek, Manuela
Hauser, Andreas W.
Puschnig, Peter
Koch, Markus
Windischbacher, Andreas
Chemical Physics
Although squaraine dyes are commonly praised as candidates for light-based applications, little is known about their excited state landscape beyond the low-energy visible light region. Our work aims for an improved understanding of the photophysical properties of squaraines at the example of N-isobutyl substituted anilino-squaraine (SQIB) by extending ground-state and excited-state absorption spectroscopy of the molecule into the ultraviolet up to 6.5~eV. In addition, we distinguish the relative transition dipole moments of the excited state absorption peaks with the help of transient absorption anisotropy experiments. To relate experimental features to specific states, we employ a set of ab initio methods including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) and n-electron valence perturbation theory on top of a self-consistent complete active space (CASSCF/NEVPT2). Our assignment is complemented by vibronic simulations and a discussion of two-photon absorption measurements. Through this joint effort, we are able to provide a consistent picture of the optical behavior of SQIB across the visible and ultraviolet light regime, and assign a total of twelve electronically excited states to our experimental data.
title Mapping the Optical Landscape of a Squaraine Molecule in the Visible and Ultraviolet Energy Range
topic Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14630