A Bayesian latent class reinforcement learning framework to capture adaptive, feedback-driven travel behaviour

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Sfeir, Georges, Hess, Stephane, Hancock, Thomas O., Rodrigues, Filipe, Rad, Jamal Amani, Bliemer, Michiel, Beck, Matthew, Khan, Fayyaz
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Sfeir, Georges
Hess, Stephane
Hancock, Thomas O.
Rodrigues, Filipe
Rad, Jamal Amani
Bliemer, Michiel
Beck, Matthew
Khan, Fayyaz
author_facet Sfeir, Georges
Hess, Stephane
Hancock, Thomas O.
Rodrigues, Filipe
Rad, Jamal Amani
Bliemer, Michiel
Beck, Matthew
Khan, Fayyaz
contents Many travel decisions involve a degree of experience formation, where individuals learn their preferences over time. At the same time, there is extensive scope for heterogeneity across individual travellers, both in their underlying preferences and in how these evolve. The present paper puts forward a Latent Class Reinforcement Learning (LCRL) model that allows analysts to capture both of these phenomena. We apply the model to a driving simulator dataset and estimate the parameters through Variational Bayes. We identify three distinct classes of individuals that differ markedly in how they adapt their preferences: the first displays context-dependent preferences with context-specific exploitative tendencies; the second follows a persistent exploitative strategy regardless of context; and the third engages in an exploratory strategy combined with context-specific preferences.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14713
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Bayesian latent class reinforcement learning framework to capture adaptive, feedback-driven travel behaviour
Sfeir, Georges
Hess, Stephane
Hancock, Thomas O.
Rodrigues, Filipe
Rad, Jamal Amani
Bliemer, Michiel
Beck, Matthew
Khan, Fayyaz
Machine Learning
Many travel decisions involve a degree of experience formation, where individuals learn their preferences over time. At the same time, there is extensive scope for heterogeneity across individual travellers, both in their underlying preferences and in how these evolve. The present paper puts forward a Latent Class Reinforcement Learning (LCRL) model that allows analysts to capture both of these phenomena. We apply the model to a driving simulator dataset and estimate the parameters through Variational Bayes. We identify three distinct classes of individuals that differ markedly in how they adapt their preferences: the first displays context-dependent preferences with context-specific exploitative tendencies; the second follows a persistent exploitative strategy regardless of context; and the third engages in an exploratory strategy combined with context-specific preferences.
title A Bayesian latent class reinforcement learning framework to capture adaptive, feedback-driven travel behaviour
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14713