Constraining Fifth Forces using the Local Distance Ladder: Implications for the Hubble Tension

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Main Authors: Högås, Marcus, Mörtsell, Edvard, Desmond, Harry, Riess, Adam
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Högås, Marcus
Mörtsell, Edvard
Desmond, Harry
Riess, Adam
author_facet Högås, Marcus
Mörtsell, Edvard
Desmond, Harry
Riess, Adam
contents We revisit the local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant in models where gravity is modified by a fifth force, an additional long-range interaction. In many such theories the force is screened; suppressed in dense environments but potentially active in galaxies used for distance calibration. We model this environmental dependence using three quantities that characterize each galaxy's large-scale gravitational environment: the external gravitational potential $Φ$, acceleration $a$, and curvature $K$. Our baseline analysis recalibrates the SH0ES-team's Cepheid-supernova distance ladder, incorporating the fifth force via its impact on the Cepheid period-luminosity relation. Across models, a fifth force is strongly constrained, with posteriors concentrated around a null result. The inferred Hubble constant is $H_0 = 73.1 \pm 1.0 \, \mathrm{km/s/Mpc}$, retaining the Hubble tension at $>5 \, σ$. As an additional test, we incorporate four independent Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) distance datasets into a joint Cepheid-TRGB-supernova calibration. These combined analyses further constrain the magnitude of fifth-force effects. Taken together, our results show that, across the class of screened fifth-force models we analyze, the calibration of the local distance ladder remains essentially unchanged, leaving the Hubble tension intact.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14814
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraining Fifth Forces using the Local Distance Ladder: Implications for the Hubble Tension
Högås, Marcus
Mörtsell, Edvard
Desmond, Harry
Riess, Adam
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
We revisit the local distance ladder measurement of the Hubble constant in models where gravity is modified by a fifth force, an additional long-range interaction. In many such theories the force is screened; suppressed in dense environments but potentially active in galaxies used for distance calibration. We model this environmental dependence using three quantities that characterize each galaxy's large-scale gravitational environment: the external gravitational potential $Φ$, acceleration $a$, and curvature $K$. Our baseline analysis recalibrates the SH0ES-team's Cepheid-supernova distance ladder, incorporating the fifth force via its impact on the Cepheid period-luminosity relation. Across models, a fifth force is strongly constrained, with posteriors concentrated around a null result. The inferred Hubble constant is $H_0 = 73.1 \pm 1.0 \, \mathrm{km/s/Mpc}$, retaining the Hubble tension at $>5 \, σ$. As an additional test, we incorporate four independent Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) distance datasets into a joint Cepheid-TRGB-supernova calibration. These combined analyses further constrain the magnitude of fifth-force effects. Taken together, our results show that, across the class of screened fifth-force models we analyze, the calibration of the local distance ladder remains essentially unchanged, leaving the Hubble tension intact.
title Constraining Fifth Forces using the Local Distance Ladder: Implications for the Hubble Tension
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14814