_version_ 1866915683501080576
author Penning, Björn
Angelides, Nicolas
Baudis, Laura
Birch, Harvey
Flowers, Abigail
Jörg, Florian
Kavner, Alexander
Soares-Santos, Marcelle
Sreekala, Aravind
Wüthrich, Johannes
Zhao, Guandi
Capelli, Chiara
Clinton, John
García, Jose Cuenca
Crivelli, Paolo
Giardini, Domenico
Gkougkousis, Evangelos-Leonidas
Haddad, Yacine
Hertrich, Marian
Hochreutener, Rebecca
Hötzsch, Luisa
Jetzer, Philippe
Kilminster, Ben
Korzh, Boris
Massin, Frederick
Morå, Knut Dundas
Noia, Margherita
Piastra, Francesco
Regenfus, Christian
Sanchez, Federico
Schramm, Steven
Riva, Francesco
Tufanli, Serhan
Weber, Michele
Wiemer, Stefan
Wimez, Mathilde
author_facet Penning, Björn
Angelides, Nicolas
Baudis, Laura
Birch, Harvey
Flowers, Abigail
Jörg, Florian
Kavner, Alexander
Soares-Santos, Marcelle
Sreekala, Aravind
Wüthrich, Johannes
Zhao, Guandi
Capelli, Chiara
Clinton, John
García, Jose Cuenca
Crivelli, Paolo
Giardini, Domenico
Gkougkousis, Evangelos-Leonidas
Haddad, Yacine
Hertrich, Marian
Hochreutener, Rebecca
Hötzsch, Luisa
Jetzer, Philippe
Kilminster, Ben
Korzh, Boris
Massin, Frederick
Morå, Knut Dundas
Noia, Margherita
Piastra, Francesco
Regenfus, Christian
Sanchez, Federico
Schramm, Steven
Riva, Francesco
Tufanli, Serhan
Weber, Michele
Wiemer, Stefan
Wimez, Mathilde
contents Underground laboratories provide the ultra-low background and low-vibration environments essential for rare-event searches, gravitational-wave detection, and quantum-sensing technologies. We report a comprehensive environmental characterisation of the Bedretto tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, a site offering horizontal access, excellent infrastructure, and the potential to be be Europe's second-deepest and quietest underground laboratory. At the prospective physics site, located beneath an overburden exceeding 1400 m, we measure the cosmic-muon, gamma-ray, and neutron fluxes, as well as the radon concentration, magnetic-field spectrum, and seismic backgrounds. The muon flux is suppressed by six orders of magnitude relative to the surface, consistent with an effective depth of about 4000 metre water equivalent, gamma-ray and neutron measurements reflect the local geology and guide shielding requirements for future particle and nuclear physics experiments. Magnetic and seismic noise levels are found to be exceptionally low, meeting or exceeding the criteria for next-generation atom-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. These results establish the site as a highly competitive, accessible deep-underground location for fundamental-physics experiments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_14815
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Characterisation of the Bedretto Underground Site for Fundamental Physics Experiments
Penning, Björn
Angelides, Nicolas
Baudis, Laura
Birch, Harvey
Flowers, Abigail
Jörg, Florian
Kavner, Alexander
Soares-Santos, Marcelle
Sreekala, Aravind
Wüthrich, Johannes
Zhao, Guandi
Capelli, Chiara
Clinton, John
García, Jose Cuenca
Crivelli, Paolo
Giardini, Domenico
Gkougkousis, Evangelos-Leonidas
Haddad, Yacine
Hertrich, Marian
Hochreutener, Rebecca
Hötzsch, Luisa
Jetzer, Philippe
Kilminster, Ben
Korzh, Boris
Massin, Frederick
Morå, Knut Dundas
Noia, Margherita
Piastra, Francesco
Regenfus, Christian
Sanchez, Federico
Schramm, Steven
Riva, Francesco
Tufanli, Serhan
Weber, Michele
Wiemer, Stefan
Wimez, Mathilde
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Underground laboratories provide the ultra-low background and low-vibration environments essential for rare-event searches, gravitational-wave detection, and quantum-sensing technologies. We report a comprehensive environmental characterisation of the Bedretto tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, a site offering horizontal access, excellent infrastructure, and the potential to be be Europe's second-deepest and quietest underground laboratory. At the prospective physics site, located beneath an overburden exceeding 1400 m, we measure the cosmic-muon, gamma-ray, and neutron fluxes, as well as the radon concentration, magnetic-field spectrum, and seismic backgrounds. The muon flux is suppressed by six orders of magnitude relative to the surface, consistent with an effective depth of about 4000 metre water equivalent, gamma-ray and neutron measurements reflect the local geology and guide shielding requirements for future particle and nuclear physics experiments. Magnetic and seismic noise levels are found to be exceptionally low, meeting or exceeding the criteria for next-generation atom-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. These results establish the site as a highly competitive, accessible deep-underground location for fundamental-physics experiments.
title Characterisation of the Bedretto Underground Site for Fundamental Physics Experiments
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14815